Rates of suicidal behaviors, including suicide deaths, attempts, and ideation, among U.S. Army soldiers increased considerably during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (Schoenbaum et al., 2014; Ursano et al., 2015a). Understanding factors that predict suicide attempts is important for risk detection and prevention. Previous research has examined risk as a function of socio-demographics and service-related characteristics, such as deployment history (Ursano et al., 2015a, 2015b, 2017). Little attention has been focused on the association of family violence with suicide attempts. Family violence involves violent, aggressive, or abusive behaviors targeted towards spouses or partners and/or children. Most family violence studies focus on the recipients of assault or abuse (i.e., victimization). Family violence victimization increases the likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders (Dutton et al., 2006; Marshall et al., 2005), which are risk factors for suicidal behavior in both active duty military personnel and veterans (Bachynski et al., 2012; Bossarte et al., 2012; Hyman et al., 2012; LeardMann et al., 2013). Family violence victimization has also demonstrated direct associations with suicidal behavior; however, previous studies frequently combined suicide-related outcomes of differing severity (e.g., ideation and attempts), making it difficult to determine the unique relationships of family violence to specific outcomes. Family violence victimization was associated with greater risk of suicidal ideation in male and female active duty Air Force personnel (Langhinrichsen-Rohling et al., 2011) and a sample of veterans using Veterans Health Administration services (Cerulli et al., 2014). History of spousal abuse and sexual assault were associated with suicide attempts in active duty Canadian men and women (Belik et al., 2009). The association of family violence victimization with suicidal behavior is similarly observed among civilians (Devries et al., 2011; Gulliver and Fanslow, 2013). In a nationally representative sample of 5238 U.S. adults (Simon et al., 2002), physical assault by a relative or intimate partner was more likely to be associated with suicidal ideation and behavior than assault by a stranger, suggesting that violence involving family members may be particularly devastating to victims. Fewer studies have focused on family violence perpetrators. A number of small military and civilian studies, however, have indicated a relationship between family violence perpetration and suicidal ideation and behavior (Conner et al., 2001; Heru et al., 2006; Lucas et al., 2002; Wolford-Clevenger et al., 2015). We are not aware of any studies that have examined how the relative effects of family violence victimization and perpetration can inform understanding of suicide risk. Further, although research has focused on the effects of family violence among male and female victims and perpetrators, there has been no systematic examination of how the association of family violence victimization and perpetration with suicide attempt may be influenced by gender.