The valuable asset of any enterprise is its staff. The professional knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees that make up human capital form the overwhelming majority of the enterprise’s market value and ensure its progressive and competitive development for the long term. At the same time, the achievement of these attractive trends is possible, among other things, because of subject to the fulfillment of three basic requirements. Firstly, the staff of the enterprise should be staffed with highly professional and highly experienced specialists, whose average age should not exceed 35–۴۰ years; and for this, it is necessary to achieve the optimal relationship between the processes of continuity and rejuvenation of staff. Secondly, favorable conditions should be provided for the creation and further cultivation of workers’ internal need for their own professional and personal development on a continuous basis. Thirdly, an effective system of continuous and uninterrupted productive transformation of implicit knowledge of employees into explicit ones should be developed and implemented, while simultaneously generating, acquiring, and disseminating the newest innovative professional knowledge, the most complete mastering of which is capable of raising the technical and technological level of the enterprise and the quality of its overall management on the latest frontiers. The crisis phenomena aggravated in the Ukrainian economy over the past 5 years have led to the fact that the state of the Ukrainian labor market can only be assessed as unsatisfactory due to the presence of such “diseases” as high unemployment, excessive level of youth unemployment, imbalance between demand and the supply of labor, the high level of shadowing of labor and wages, the fall in real wages, the poverty of the working population, etc. So, according to the official statistical reporting of Ukraine (State) in 2016, the unemployment rate according to the ILO methodology was 9.3%, the average annual load of registered unemployed per 10 vacant jobs (vacant posts) was 94 people, and the proportion of unemployed people—only 32.2%. In 2016, 23.0% of the economically active population aged 15–۲۴ did not work, which is quite a critical level compared to 12.8% of the world’s average. The level of the shadow economy in 2016 was 34.0% of official GDP, and informal employment reached 24.3%. The share of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum was 3.4%, while real wages fell by 20.2% compared to the previous year. At the same time, most of the above indicators had a stable negative dynamics over the past 10 years. The aggravation of these problems on the Ukrainian labor market reduces the possibilities for full compliance with the three basic requirements mentioned above.