At the present time, clinicians struggle to devise effective guidelines that assist with the choice of therapy for infections caused by antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacteria in cancer patients [33]. The notion that in the immunologically impaired cancer patient “the first dose of antibiotics must really count” should remain the prevailing wisdom [34]. Although clinical evidence needs to be stronger in this regard, we suggest the use of combination antibiotic chemotherapy for empiric and definitive treatment of serious infections where certain MDR pathogens are suspected or recovered (Table 2). The risk of selection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the inability of current microbiological methods to deliver their timely identification merit giving consideration to this approach.