مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد شهر هوشمند، ایمنی و امنیت – الزویر 2017

The development of cities or regions can have different forms. Great advance in technology of the last millennium pushed the world forward by enormous leaps. But by the time, also negative effects of this progress had shown up, and they are getting into the awareness of society by already changing the Earth. And according to authorities, for example from NATO, in the future such effects may become serious problems for population, as well as for the whole ecosystem. Those might be air pollution, global warming, population growth, and so on [1]. All of these changes lead to calls for innovative solutions of improvement, that would bring sustainability of mankind and nature along. There is an effort to find possibilities, that will keep society moving forward, but at the same time they will try to minimalize or eliminate risks and damage towards society and ecosystem. From this philosophy comes up the term of sustainable development. According to National strategy of long-term sustainable development of Slovak Republic it means such development, that ensures the possibility to satisfy basic living needs of generations of today and those to come, while the diversity of nature is not harmed, and natural functions of ecosystems are preserved [2]. However, from our point of view, concerning only the basic living needs is not the way we should see the future. We see it as a chance to grow, to improve our lives, even to afford luxury, but all in the safe, harmless way, described above by the strategy. Technologies, that enable sustainable development in cities and their application are matters of the Smart City concept. In introduction to Smart City concept we need to answer some basic questions. First of all: what is the goal of this concept? We can say that the goal is to transform cities of today into smart cities, enabling sustainable development in the future. That leads us to another question: what makes the city „smart“? Many authorities are trying to answer this question. Examples, which affected our work and views, are mainly Caragliu, Mohanty, Kumar, Finka and Fedorov. But the one, explicit definition is not agreed yet. Studied definitions of Smart Cities are general descriptions, mentioning various priorities, from the use of technology to smart use of natural sources [3, 4, 5, 6, 7].