مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد سیستم های ترافیک در شهرهای هوشمند – امرالد 2017

Newly developed revolutionary technologies are being used in colonies to make cities smart. This is in accordance with the growth in the use of scientific methods for urban development. The use of new revolutionary technology includes the use of automation, industrial control, embedded systems, artificial intelligence, self-optimization, cyber security electronics and telecommunication techniques. For technology to behave smartly, the designed algorithms and decision-making techniques should be efficient and be designed for optimal conditions, often requiring fewer hardware resources. Often, the automation techniques with monitoring control over hardware enable the operators to monitor and control the conditions. Owing to the advancement in virtual reality, the quality of graphics used in automation is improving every day. In any case, an optimal condition is selected which ensures the lowest cost and efficient performance. Every area in a smart city needs to be considered for applying these concepts (Rida, 2017). Within a few years, several cities around the globe have become more livable with a growth in their infrastructure. However, these days, there are few urban territories that are barely surviving and are facing large economic crises (Khatoun and Zeadally, 2017). Economies are under increased pressure because of the increase in energy consumption, changes in the environment and demands for health care and education systems. Each day, with the population boom, the demand for resources is growing and natural resource reserves, because of their rampant demand and use, are depleting. Electricity is mostly generated using minerals. With daily usage, mineral resources are gradually minimizing. So, several approaches are being used for making city systems smarter to limit the demand for natural resources, and thus maintaining optimal performance. For the city to be smart, the infrastructure including buildings and technology needs to be efficient and user-friendly (Berntzen, 2015). Health care in a smart city is also of considerable importance (Demirkan, 2013). With the advancement in technology, computing machines and systems have opened a number of gateways, with the help of which pre-programmed devices can be created for smart conditions. Data can be used for storing customer usage record (history). Computer capabilities are advancing and use of programming languages and designed interfaces is increasing every day. Owing to these technologies, there is an interaction between user and technology, often defined by the term “human–machine interaction”. The sensors obtain data from the real world as parameters and display it on a software interface. Similarly, data from the actions (clicks) in the software produce changes in the real world in the form of actuator actions such as movement of motors, lights display, etc. This interaction between the software and the real world allows the user to create an application software with various configurable hardware (A combination of sensors, actuators, processors and circuitry). Figure 1 shows the demonstration of the human–machine interaction.