مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد اسید های آمینه: مهار کنندگان فلزات و آلیاژها – الزویر 2017

Corrosion is more than just an inevitable natural phenomenon; its impact is felt in three areas of concern, namely economics, safety, and environmental damage. Metallic corrosion, seemingly innocuous, affects many sectors (Sastri, 2011). Fig. 1 shown the elements of the costs of corrosion included capital, design, and control, as well as associated costs. The high costs of corrosion have a significant effect on the national economy, in general, corrosion costs amount to about 2–4% of gross national product. Therefore, it is necessary that corrosion personnel adopt corrosion control measures in order to avoid corrosion losses, which are about 25% of the costs are avoidable when these measures are adopted. Furthermore, corrosion prevention arrests the degradation of metals, and hence contributes in a significant way to the preservation of resources with minimum damage to the environment. In another hand, one of the most important impacts of corrosion is safety. While safety should be uppermost in the mind of industrial personnel, accidents do occur, in spite of great precautions. So, corrosion is not only expensive but also poses risks to human life and safety. For these reasons research on this phenomenon and its prevention have been highly interesting from the number of published scientific papers in the literature from 1907 to 2003 that increase from 35 to 10,655 papers, respectively (Sastri et al., 2007). According to the corrosion aspect, its mechanism or the conditions where it is developed, Fontana defined eight forms of corrosion, as general corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, parting, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and erosion corrosion (Fontana, 1975). In 1957, Vernon presented an outline scheme of ‘‘Methods of Preventing Corrosion” which are defined in four categories: modification of procedure, modification of environment, modification of metal, and protective coatings (Sheir et al., 1994). In our case, we will focus on the second method of combating corrosion, in particular by using the corrosion inhibitor. The last is a chemical substance that, upon addition to a corrosive environment, results in reduction of corrosion rate to an acceptable level. It can function in two ways: first, situations where the added inhibitors can alter the corrosive environment into a noncorrosive or less corrosive environment through its interaction with the corrosive species. Secondly, the corrosion inhibitor interacts with the metal leading to the formation of protective film on surface.