مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد پیش بینی قابلیت اطمینان نرم افزار توسط شبکه حافظه – IEEE 2017

Software failure data is the basis of software reliability estimation. For evaluate software reliability, the researchers usually use failure-count data and time-between failures to collect failure data. Failure data is the basis for software reliability assessment and prediction. This paper presents an improved long short term memory network model, belonging to a kind of recurrent neural network (RNN). After the RNN model was first used by Karunanidhi and Darrell in the field of reliability prediction [1], they were also the first research team to introduce neural network into the field of software reliability prediction, scholars have invented many variants to use. But the bottleneck of the current performance improvement is still the problem of gradient disappearance.

II. IMPROVED LONG SHORT TERM MEMORY NETWORK

Training deep network always based on backward propagation random gradient descent method. With the increase in the number of layers, the lower level of the gradient exponent can not accept the effective training signal. The neural network is limited by the problem of unstable gradients. If the network uses the sigmoid activation function, then the gradient of the previous layer will vanish exponentially. Long short term memory network, referred to as LSTM, is a kind of special RNN, has the ability to learn long-term dependencies. LSTM was proposed by Hochreiter & Schmidhuber [2], and many researchers carried out a series of work to improve and make it flourish. LSTM can avoid the problem of gradient instability because of its special design of the architecture. LSTM has the ability to add or remove information about the cell state, which is controlled by a structure called gate. The gate is a way of selectively passing information. The forget gate inputs t 1 h − and t x , and outputs a number between 0 and 1 for each element in cell stateCt−1 . Value 1 means completely retain the information, value 0 means completely discard the information: Where t f is the output of forget gate, σ means sigmoid function, W and b are the weights and biases need to be calculated. The next step is to decide which new information we will store in the cell state. t i ,the information we want to update. Ct  , which may be added to the cell state. t t i C∗  is made up of the new candidate value Ct  multiplied by the candidate value of update degree t i we decided in each state. t o is the information we output each state. Back propagation (BPTT) through time is too sensitive to recent distractions. In a feedforward neural network, exponential vanish means that changes in weight in the early neural layers will be much less than those in late neurons. Williams et al. proposed the truncated back-propagation [3]. This operation can overcome a series of questions complete BPTT brings when training model. Inspired by batch normalization, Lei Ba et al. proposed an RNN performance optimization method – layer normalization [4] which can reduce RNN network training time and get better overall performance.