مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد کارآفرینان خلاق و فرهنگی – امرالد 2017

Entrepreneurs are different from who I am (A cultural and creative entrepreneur interviewed during the study). Worldwide, the cultural and creative industries (CCI) have a strong economic impact (Cunningham, 2004; Potts, 2009; BMWi, 2014b, 2015; Lhermitte et al., 2015). According to the German Ministry of Economics, CCI consist of the following sub-industries: music, publishing/book market, art market, film, broadcasting, performing arts, architecture, design, press market, advertising, software and games, and others (BMWi, 2014a). Next to their economic contribution, CCI also influence ethics and moral values and play an important role in urban development (O’Brien, 2013). “It is their knowledge and creativity elements together with the link to art, culture and entertainment – and intersection with markets – that gives them increasing importance today” (de Bruin, 2015, p. 281). However, one cannot deny the economic aspect of entrepreneurship ( Jones and Spicer, 2009). CCI display strong growth and are worldwide considered a driver of economic growth (Cunningham, 2004; Matheson, 2006; UNESCO, 2013; BMWi, 2014b). Cultural and creative entrepreneurs (CCI entrepreneurs) are the economic driver of and also key agents in the industry (Hartley et al., 2013). However, CCI entrepreneurs struggle with their entrepreneurial identity. One common attribute among them is that they do not regard themselves as entrepreneurs and avoid acting entrepreneurially. Ideally, CCI entrepreneurs combine CCI values and business values (Lampel et al., 2000; Chaston, 2008; Bērziŋš, 2012; Chaston and Sadler-Smith, 2012). However, this often does not work in reality. Business economics are often neglected or seen as an inhibitor to creativity (Rae, 2012). Many CCI entrepreneurs prefer to work as “creative practitioners” with the “primary goal of creative fulfilment and lifestyle” (Rae, 2012, p. 612). It is common currency to believe that economics crowd out creativity (Eikhof and Haunschild, 2007). Therefore, CCI entrepreneurs feel that they have to decide between CCI values and business values. They feel that business values contradict their personal values and their cultural and creative identity. They regard business only as a means of realising their cultural and creative ideas.