مشخصات مقاله | |
ترجمه عنوان مقاله | برند ایالات متحده آمریکا: یک شبه آزمایش طبیعی برای ارزیابی میزان موفقیت کمپین های بازاریابی ملی |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Brand USA: A natural quasi-experiment evaluating the success of a national marketing campaign |
انتشار | مقاله سال 2019 |
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 7 صفحه |
هزینه | دانلود مقاله انگلیسی رایگان میباشد. |
پایگاه داده | نشریه الزویر |
نوع نگارش مقاله | مقاله پژوهشی (Research Article) |
مقاله بیس | این مقاله بیس نمیباشد |
نمایه (index) | Scopus – Master Journal List – JCR |
نوع مقاله | ISI |
فرمت مقاله انگلیسی | |
ایمپکت فاکتور(IF) | 7.271 در سال 2018 |
شاخص H_index | 159 در سال 2019 |
شاخص SJR | 2.924 در سال 2018 |
شناسه ISSN | 0261-5177 |
شاخص Quartile (چارک) | Q1 در سال 2018 |
مدل مفهومی | ندارد |
پرسشنامه | ندارد |
متغیر | دارد |
رفرنس | دارد |
رشته های مرتبط | مدیریت |
گرایش های مرتبط | بازاریابی |
نوع ارائه مقاله | ژورنال |
مجله / کنفرانس | مدیریت گردشگری – Tourism Management |
دانشگاه | University of Central Florida – Scorpius Street – Room – USA |
کلمات کلیدی | برندسازی ملی، مشارکت خصوصی دولتی، ارزیابی برنامه، بازار یابی |
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی | Nation branding, Public private partnership, Program evaluation, Marketing |
شناسه دیجیتال – doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.07.013 |
کد محصول | E9434 |
وضعیت ترجمه مقاله | ترجمه آماده این مقاله موجود نمیباشد. میتوانید از طریق دکمه پایین سفارش دهید. |
دانلود رایگان مقاله | دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی |
سفارش ترجمه این مقاله | سفارش ترجمه این مقاله |
فهرست مطالب مقاله: |
Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature review: an overview of nation branding and marketing 3 Data and methods 4 Findings: brand USA’s questionable results 5 Conclusion and discussion References |
بخشی از متن مقاله: |
ABSTRACT
As national, state, and local governments implement strategic place branding and marketing plans, questions remain about how to best measure the success of such endeavors. Using a natural quasi-experimental design, we evaluate how well marketing efforts from Brand USA achieve intended tourism goals. Brand USA was created in 2009 to market the country abroad. Based on air travel data collected from the National Travel and Tourism Office, Brand USA reports, and economic indicators from the World Bank, we find Brand USA’s marketing efforts have little effect on inbound international travel to the US, thus showing a potential weakness in place marketing efforts abroad. Findings suggest the organization may decrease the effectiveness of the complex branding campaign. Introduction Popular news outlets have covered President Trump and his effect on travel to the United States. Recently, news of the US Supreme Court upholding Trump’s travel ban caused a spokesperson for Brand USA, the government’s destination marketing agency, to reaffirm the role of destination marketing and implore people to transcend political rhetoric and visit the US (Leposa, 2018). What some are calling the “Trump slump” has cost the US travel and tourism industry an estimated $4.6 billion and 40,000 jobs (US Travel Association, 2018). Perhaps signaling Brand USA as extraneous government spending, the Trump administration threatened to revoke funding for the agency in its fiscal year 2018 budget request (Gingerish, 2018). Together these events beg the question: How well do Brand USA’s destination branding and marketing efforts work? Brand America is one of the strongest nation brands in the world (Anholt & Hildreth, 2010), so it might seem unusual for the country to have its own marketing and branding agency. In this case, Brand USA serves that role as a federally funded public-private partnership (PPP) established in the 2009 Travel Promotion Act. Brand USA’s goal is to develop and communicate the US brand to targeted countries globally to increase leisure travel to the United States. Given that federal dollars fund these efforts, understanding the performance of Brand USA’s international communications efforts via country-specific targeted marketing strategies becomes prudent. While Brand USA leaders and spokespeople continue to praise the efforts of the organization, we evaluate if Brand USA’s international branding marketing efforts indeed help increase US tourism. The question addresses a gap in the place branding and marketing literature about measuring success of such programs (Zenker & Marin, 2011). Given Brand USA targets certain countries and not others, we have a natural quasi-experiment that allows for evaluation of programmatic success. By comparing countries that received the marketing treatment with those that did not, we find that Brand USA may not be successful in its efforts. The organization presents a picture of success to sustain funding given that, when adding social, economic, and other controls for the nations targeted, their marketing efforts abroad do not work well. This finding confirms existing literature that suggests is it difficult to measure place marketing success, as the one-to-one relationship of treatment-effect is elusive at best (Aaker & Joachimstahler, 2009). It is challenging to measure whether someone saw an ad for Brand USA and selected the country for travel or had plans to travel to the US anyway. Therefore, Brand USA’s claims that direct marketing works in this manner is spurious at best. Brand USA, as a PPP, has the incentive to return less revenue to its tourism mission, instead allocating resources to marketing the agency itself to its members and policymakers through glossy annual reports. |
بخشی از ترجمه مقاله: |
چکیده 1. مقدمه |