مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد مساله چندگانه واکنش سلسله مراتبی

مقاله سال 2017

 مجله امگا – Omega

The motivation for this study is to examine the current and optimal locations for the Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear (CBRN) Response Enterprise (CRE) in the Continental United States to better mitigate the effects of a CBRN incident on the population. The CRE consists of units from both the National Guard and active components of the Department of Defense that support local authorities with the (i) analysis of CBRN impacts, (ii) development of mitigation measures, (iii) initial medical stabilization and triage, (iv) search and extraction, and (v) decontamination. Locating these units in close proximity to potential targets reduces the response time and therefore improves the response capability. It is important, however, to maintain a minimum safe distance (i.e., a stand-off distance) between the CRE and priority demands to prevent a CBRN attack from neutralizing response capability. Moreover, because these units have already been sited, minimizing the cost of modifications is also desired.

The National Guard component of the CRE, on which our research focuses exclusively, is comprised of three echelons: (i) Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams (WMD-CSTs), (ii) CBRN Enhanced Response Force Packages (CERFPs), and (iii) Homeland Response Forces (HRFs). WMD-CSTs constitute the first response of the CRE. Their primary missions are to assist first responders with the identification of CBRN effects and advise local and state officials on the impacts and protective measures [1]. There are currently 52 WMD-CSTs located in the Continental United States with at least one in each state and one in Washington D.C.. Moreover, Florida, California, and New York each have two WMD-CSTs due to their relatively larger population sizes. Each WMD-CST consists of approximately 22 personnel [2]. The CERFP is the second level of response, and their unit capabilities include casualty search and extraction, emergency medical services (EMS), and decontamination [2].

The CERFP is specifically designed to perform each of these tasks in a CBRN contaminated environment. There are currently 15 CERFPs located across the Continental United States with at least one per Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) region, and each is comprised of approximately 186 personnel. HRFs comprise the third echelon of response. Each HRF consists of approximately 570 personnel and provides the same capability as a CERFP, but also adds a brigade-size command and control headquarters and a battalion-size security component. A HRF is designed to manage up to five WMD-CSTs and three CERFPs [3]. There are currently ten HRFs, one aligned with each FEMA region.