مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد پیشرفت در تحقیقات و تحولات کووید در طول همه گیری – الزویر 2022

Abstract

     The pandemic respiratory disease COVID-19 has spread over the globe within a small span of time. Generally, there are two important points are being highlighted and considered towards the successful diagnosis and treatment process. The first point includes the reduction of the rate of infections and the next one is the decrease of the death rate. The major threat to public health globally progresses due to the absence of effective medication and widely accepted immunization for the COVID-19. Whereas, understanding of host susceptibility, clinical features, adaptation of COVID-19 to new environments, asymptomatic infection is difficult and challenging. Therefore, a rapid and an exact determination of pathogenic viruses play an important role in deciding treatments and preventing pandemic to save the people’s lives. It is urgent to fix a standardized diagnostic approach for detecting the COVID-19. Here, this systematic review describes all the current approaches using for screening and diagnosing the COVID-19 infectious patient. The renaissance in pathogen due to host adaptability and new region, facing creates several obstacles in diagnosis, drug, and vaccine development process. The study shows that adaptation of accurate and affordable diagnostic tools based on candidate biomarkers using sensor and digital medicine technology can deliver effective diagnosis services at the mass level. Better prospects of public health management rely on diagnosis with high specificity and cost-effective manner along with multidisciplinary research, specific policy, and technology adaptation. The proposed healthcare model with defined road map represents effective prognosis system.

Introduction

     Occurrence of the worldwide pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in later 2019 to early 2020 has twisted the human society through health crisis and creating new challenges to the world. Due to highly contagious nature, on March 11, 2020 the COVID-19 virus outbreak has been declared as the global pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Since the first report of COVID-19 at Wuhan, China in December 2019, it has been affected 225 countries and territories with 6,137,417 million confirmed death and close to 479,281,013 confirmed cases across the world, up to March 25, 2022.1-3 With this emergent crisis during pandemic year, science and technology tackles the way to report the hurdles for the COVID-19 to mitigate the spread and progress of this disease. Science and technology is in concert part to diagnose and cure the COVID-19 by different techniques.1, 2 The research on the COVID becomes very prevalent during pandemic years. From the search of the Scopus database with the keyword “COVID-19” it resulted in 286,313 documents as collected on March 25, 2022.4

Conclusions

     During the later stage of pandemic year, tremendous progress in COVID science and technology has been made to develop for accurate and rapid diagnosis of coronavirus including the asymptomatic case. The early-stage detection has reduced the spread of this disease in greater extent. Since December 2019, the COVID-19 is an enduring serious global challenge, but science and technology opens a fight against COVID-19 to deal with the human health management. While the social distancing is one of the common trends to control the spread of COVID-19 during pandemic year, but in addition several other practices have been considered controlling the spread of this disease. Therefore, emerging technology and system to provision the operative diagnosis of COVID-19 vital and such requirement is still welcomed by the multidisciplinary researcher to develop simple, accurate, and high-throughput tools and techniques. However, RT-PCR is costly, labor intensive, requires specialized laboratory equipment and time-consuming technique but during pandemic year, this method is one of the most reliable and served as a routine in practice for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2.