مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد ارزیابی تصادفی ذخیره انرژی در بازارهای عمده فروشی برق (الزویر)

Distributed renewable generation, such as rooftop solar photovoltaic, has grown exponentially in the past few years. The intermittency of renewable resources creates new operating and planning challenges to the transmission and distribution system operators around the world. These new challenges include loss of system inertia, increasing needs for ancillary services, voltage excursions, and unbalanced phase loading. Energy storage systems are well poised to mitigate uncertainties of renewable generation outputs. They also play a key role in facilitating the integration of renewable generation resources into electric grids. However, there are several challenges to the widespread deployment of energy storage. As identified in the U.S. Department of Energy report [1], the most crucial hurdle to energy storage system adoption is the uncertainty in its cost competitiveness with other energy resources. The first step to overcome this hurdle is to develop a comprehensive optimization and valuation model which allows energy storage systems to provide multiple electricity market products simultaneously. Most of the existing literatures either ignores key energy storage revenue streams or models various grid services separately. The economics of electric energy storage for energy arbitrage and regulation was evaluated in the New York and Pennsylvania, Jersey, Maryland (PJM) Power Pool [2, 3]. The energy shifting service and frequency regulation service are not co-optimized in the economic analysis.