مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد قیمت های سایه ای کربن در سراسر جهان (الزویر)

According to record of the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information, 2016 was the warmest year ever, globally. Global warming threatens the survival of people all over the world, and scientists attribute climate change to emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon emissions have no market prices, but the opportunity costs for producers can be revealed by carbon shadow prices—the amount of revenue that producers have to give up for a certain amount of carbon emission abatement—which provides useful information for environmental regulators. Nowadays, governments make great efforts to reduce or at least control carbon emission growth and carry out different pricing approaches for carbon taxes. A popular approach is to set a gradually decreasing upper limit on carbon emissions and to allow exchanges of emissions permits in the market (Kossoy et al., 2015). Thus, the right to emit carbon dioxide changes from being a public good that is neither rivalrous nor excludable to a private good that is both rivalrous and excludable. When an amount of carbon emissions has a real price, is the price reasonable or fair to each producer? Molinos-Senante et al. (2015) argue that the estimation of the carbon shadow price for non-power enterprises can provide incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the carbon shadow price at the worldwide level for its economic implications and references for global carbon pricing.