مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تاخیر 4P در مدیریت پروژه – امرالد 2017

Delay is often described as the time overrun beyond a project completion date. It could be said to be a failure of a project to be completed within the agreed schedule. Even though the magnitude level varies considerably across projects and geographical boundaries (Sambasivan & Soon, 2007; Shehu et al., 2014; Sorooshian, 2014), projects undertaking in the construction industry experience some form of delay (Ansah et al., 2016a; Ansah and Sorooshian, 2017; Norzima et al., 2011). Meanwhile, these delays occur at different stages, from project conception through completion to maintenance; yet, most delays occur at the execution phase (Norzima et al., 2011; Sorooshian et al., 2010). Delays can create a huge cost and serious problems to all the concerned parties and even the health of the economy (Sambasivan et al., 2017; Shehu et al., 2014). In this regards, it is very essential for project managers and professionals to recognize the need to understand the main sources of delays in order to deploy practical strategies to mitigate and reduce the effects and risks resulting from delays (Ansah & Sorooshian, 2017). Time and cost are the two main concerns (Elbeltagi et al., 2016), with cost often seen as an outcome of the time (Manley & Chen, 2016). Minimizing cost and time overruns could effectively be achieved through identification and classification of the real causal factors of delays in the construction industry (Ansah et al., 2017; Norzima et al., 2011; PMI, 2004; Sorooshian, 2014). Also, the parties that are responsible for such delays ought to be identified in order to trace delay sources at different phases of the project and within any of the project parties so that issues relating to responsibility and its necessary measures could be effected. Projects are enormously complicated in nature and often involves significant budgets, and therefore reducing delays in the project development cycle should be imperative for every project manager (Sambasivan et al., 2017). According to Bing et al. (2005) and Patel et al. (2013), project involves different interested groups and parties who have expertise, different stake and value system, and desired outcome and therefore requires critical assessment to avoid projects failures (Aziz, 2013; Norzima et al., 2011; Sorooshian et al., 2010; Sorooshian, 2014, 2015).