Abstract

Keywords

1. Introduction

2. Gunshot audio dataset

3. The presented sleep stage classification model

4. Experiments

5. Discussions

6. Conclusion

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgment

References

Abstract

Background

Gun model identification (GMI) is a complex issue for digital forensics examiners/professions. Because the GMI process is a highly costed process, and it is generally detected manually. A sound classification model is presented in this research to decrease the cost of the GMI and automate this process.

Material and method

The primary objective of this research is to present a new intelligent audio forensics tool. Therefore, a new gunshot dataset was collected, and the collected dataset includes 2130 audios of the 28 gun models. This dataset can be downloaded using http://web.firat.edu.tr/sdogan/Gun_S_Dogan.rar link. The presented fractal H-tree pattern-based classification method is applied to these audios to obtain results. This method has three fundamental phases, and these are feature extraction, the most informative features selection, and classification. This method uses both a fractal textural generator and statistical features. By deploying tunable q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT), a multileveled feature generation method is created to generate both low-level and high-level features. The recommended fractal H-tree pattern and statistical feature extraction functions generate features at each level. Neighborhood component analysis (NCA) chooses the most informative features. In the classification phase, the support vector machine (SVM) and k nearest neighbor (kNN) classifiers are used.

Results

The recommended fractal H-tree pattern-based method yielded 96.10% and 90.40% by employing kNN and SVM, respectively.

Conclusion

The calculated results and findings denoted the high classification capability of the presented fractal H-tree pattern-based method for gun model classification using gunshot audios. Also, this research shows that a new audio forensic tool can be developed by employing the presented method for GMI.

1. Introduction

1.1. Background and related work

Gun model identification (GMI) is one of today’s essential research topics. GMI has a crucial role in criminalistics, and it has been mostly used in military applications. At the same time, GMI can also be used for security purposes in applications such as digital forensics and forensics [1–3]. Each gun has a special acoustic characteristic. When these acoustic characteristics are analyzed in detail, they can provide critical support information to criminalistics. Different features such as the audios obtained from the trigger and hammer mechanism of the gun, the audio of mechanical movement, the audios of the bullet hitting solid surfaces customize the gun [4,5]. Therefore, the detection of this gun can be achieved by using the features of a gun audio signal. GMI systems with a high recognition rate are needed in the crime scene to recognize such systems automatically [6]. These systems must be capable of responding to events in different environments. In addition, systems should be less sensitive to environmental sounds. For example, a gunshot may be environmentally inadequate in acoustical evidence due to its location [7].

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Currently applied process of F&R deployment in the Czech Republic

Materials and methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Declarations

References

Article Info

Figures

Tables

Comments

Abstract

This article deals with the provision of cooperation of the Army of the Czech Republic with other units of rescue teams in the implementation of rescue and liquidation work in the regions of the Czech Republic in non-military crisis situations. At the present time of the global pandemic of covid-19 and the associated mass deployment of forces and resources of the primary and secondary units of the rescue system, the required effective cooperation in practice has proved necessary. The paper deals with the analysis of emergency management in a state of emergency in order to contribute to the improvement of civil-military cooperation. Based on the results of the research survey, the authors proposed evaluation criteria for determining the level of emergency preparedness of the forces and resources of the Army of the Czech Republic.

1. Introduction

The article focuses on the issue of civil-military cooperation, active reserves and the current capabilities of the Army of the Czech Republic in providing cooperation with other units of the rescue teams of the integrated rescue system (IRS) in the implementation of rescue and liquidation work in the Czech Republic.

In the Czech Republic (CR), the IRS is not an institution, office, or association; it is a system of work with tools and model procedures of cooperation (Act on The Integrated Rescue System, No. 239/2000 Coll). It is part of the system for ensuring the internal security of the state. It is a system of contractual arrangements, and a coordinated procedure of its units in the preparation for emergency events (EE) and in the implementation of rescue and liquidation work. The primary units of the IRS are the Fire Rescue Service, the Police of the Czech Republic and the Medical Rescue Service. Secondary units are allocated forces and resources of the armed forces (Army of the Czech Republic), other security forces (Municipal Police), non-governmental non-profit organizations (e.g. Czech Red Cross, People in Need, etc.), public health authorities and other services (e.g. hygiene or veterinary authority). The primary units of the IRS ensure continuous emergency service for receiving reports of the occurrence of an emergency event and urgent intervention. The secondary units provide contractual assistance on the basis of a pre-concluded agreement on planned assistance on request (Talhofer and Hošková-Mayerová, 2019; Navrátil et al., 2019). The forces and resources of secondary units are included in the IRS alarm plan of individual regions of the Czech Republic (the Czech Republic has 14 regions). This increases the capacity of forces and resources of the primary units of the IRS. The IRS system is activated always when it is necessary to perform rescue with at least two primary units at the same time.

Highlights

Abstract

Keywords

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. Construction of conceptual model

4. Transformation from conceptual model to simulation model

5. Application: A case study

6. Conclusion and future work

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgement

References

Abstract

Agent-based modeling is a useful and effective approach to exploring industrial logistics system, while agent interaction protocol is a key to support agent-based industrial logistics modeling. Current modeling methods are mainly developed to face general industrial systems and are in a certain sense difficult to fully meet the need of modeling military industrial logistics system.

In this research, we focus on describing and implementing military industrial logistics agent interaction protocol by presenting a new command interaction diagram (CID) oriented paradigm. We not only present the concept and corresponding graphical notation representations of CID for multi-agent interaction process, but also design and develop the CID modeling tool with a function of logic verification, thus realizing the mechanism of automatic transformation from conceptual model of CID to its simulation model. In addition, we provide a case study and perform agent-based military industrial logistics simulation. The simulation demonstration and corresponding validation show that our method can meet actual needs and achieve good results, with more advantages than other traditional modeling methods. This fact proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

1. Introduction

Industrial logistics plays a key role in industrial engineering (Li et al., 2019). It involves the physical inflow and outflow of goods and corresponding services (Barros, 1997). Of course, it can be further divided into product support logistics, production support logistics and industry support logistics (Barros, Riley, & Brown, 2001; Li et al., 2019). With the evolution of technology, the methods for warfare have also changed. In modern wars, as the military application field of industrial logistics, military industrial logistics has an obvious characteristic in logistics entity interaction based on both command orders and information sharing, thus forming an integrated system support capability. In view of this new support mode, it is necessary to conduct more scientific and reasonable analysis and research by establishing simulation models of military industrial logistics system. Modeling military industrial logistics entity interaction has become a key bottleneck problem in exploring the running mechanism of military industrial logistics system. Although some methods, such as exercise and training, man-in-theloop simulation experiment, can be used in simulation for military industrial logistics system, there are some disadvantages, including abundant capitals, high cost and inconvenience in operation. As far as traditional analytical modeling methods are concerned, generally, they are difficult to describe the intelligent behavior characteristics of military industrial logistics system. Intelligent agent is a program that maps percepts to actions. It acquires information from its environment (“perceives” the environment) and decides about its actions and performs them (Lesser, 1998; Wooldridge & Jennings, 1999; Shi, 2001). Obviously, the internal member entities of military industrial logistics system, such as logistics command vehicles, repair vehicles and rescue vehicles, can be viewed as intelligent agents. Thus, using agent-based modeling method to describe military industrial logistics entities is a feasible and effective solution.