مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد حملات امنیتی سایبری در شهر های هوشمند – الزویر 2017

There is no specific and universal definition for the concept smart city as countries and their governments determine how far they go for smartening according to their willingness to change, resource limitations and financial status 1 . However, we generally use the concept smart city for the integration between traditional infrastructure and latest technologies of information and communication to create an entire system for resource-efficient and real time city-related service providing in urban environments. There are five main components that are essentially required to be in a smart city: modern information and communication technologies, buildings, utilities and infrastructure, transportation and traffic management and the city itself 2 . Technically, smart city is about the cooperation between governance institutes and public and private foundations to implement and deploy long-term computerized platforms that impose using modern technologies including mobile cloud computing3 , electronic objects, networks and intelligent decision-making methodologies. Smart cities worldwide aim generally to handle the main challenges that currently face the globe such as climate changes, limited resources, Urbanization and high population growth. Moreover, smart cities aim to secure economic competitiveness in urban spaces and let urban citizens experience classier lifestyles4 . Concepts to become smart are as different as cities themselves. In General, there are six dimensions or areas where cities can become smarter: smart governance, smart economy, smart people, smart mobility, smart living and environment5 (Figure 1). Smart city is not only about deploying smart platforms to perform city-related services efficiently, but it is a huge concept that comprises several physical and electronic objects that interact and communicate through wired and wireless networks. On the other side smart city is about several computer-related sciences that are used along the whole smartening process such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, embedded computing and biometrics. In addition to the hired modern technologies that are considered the core of smart city entire regulation such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification System) and smart hand held devices (phones, laptops, tablets, etc.).