Highlights

Abstract

Keywords

۱٫ Introduction

۲٫ Background

۳٫ Research methods

۴٫ Findings

۵٫ Discussions

۶٫ Conclusion

Declaration of competing interest

References

Abstract

During the last years, the impacts caused by digital transformation on companies have been disruptive. Contrarily to prior technological revolutions, the current scenario is characterized by the rapid growth of innovation that has impacted organizations differently. In particular, an increasing number of organizations revised their management control systems to adequate their business models to the external pressures made by competitors and regulators. The research aims consist of a bibliometric analysis about the impacts caused by digital transformation on managerial auditing. The research reveals the existence of four independent research area: continuous auditing (Green Cluster), fraud detection (Blue Cluster), data analytics (Yellow Cluster) and technological innovation (Red Cluster). Finally, we developed a research agenda in order to address future research.

۱ Introduction

In this paper, we investigate the incidence of borrower discouragement in innovative small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Innovative start-ups and SMEs are crucial for job creation, innovation and productivity growth (Hall & Lerner, 2010). A crucial issue facing many innovative SMEs is their ability to access external fnance, an issue made even more salient in the wake of the global fnancial crisis (Lee et al., 2015; Lee & Brown, 2017). Consequently, how SMEs are fnanced is a central policy issue given that access to appropriate levels of funding has signifcant implications for frm growth, performance and long-term survival.

Despite growth in alternative forms of fnance such as venture capital, business angel investment and equity crowdfunding in recent years, bank debt continues to represent the primary source of external fnancing for the vast majority of SMEs (Lee & Brown, 2017; Robb & Robinson, 2014). Extant research suggests there are signifcant structural impediments, in the form of informational asymmetries, asset intangibility and skewed returns, which face innovative SMEs seeking bank funding (Berger & Udell, 1998; Cassar, 2004). Limited collateral and unstable cash fows further exacerbate access to external bank fnance for innovative SMEs (Hall & Lerner, 2010; Lee et al., 2015). Indeed, negative expectations regarding the likelihood of obtaining external fnance can be so acute that some SMEs become discouraged from applying altogether (Cowling et al., 2016).1