مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد روال انتشارات هوش مصنوعی – الزویر 2022

Abstract

Study objective

     To determine whether there has been growth in publications on the use of artificial intelligence in cardiology and oncology, we assessed historical trends in publications related to artificial intelligence applications in cardiology and oncology, which are the two fields studying the leading causes of death worldwide. Upward trends in publications may indicate increasing interest in the use of artificial intelligence in these crucial fields.

Design/setting

     To evaluate evidence of increasing publications on the use of artificial intelligence in cardiology and oncology, historical trends in related publications on PubMed (the biomedical repository most frequently used by clinicians and scientists in these fields) were reviewed.

Results

     Findings indicated that research output related to artificial intelligence (and its subcategories) generally increased over time, particularly in the last five years. With some initial degree of vacillation in publication trends, a slight qualitative inflection was noted in approximately 2015, in general publications and especially for oncology and cardiology, with subsequent consistent exponential growth. Publications predominantly focused on “machine learning” (n = 20,301), which contributed to the majority of the accelerated growth in the field, compared to “artificial intelligence” (n = 4535), “natural language processing” (n = 2608), and “deep learning” (n = 4459).

Conclusion

     Trends in the general biomedical literature and particularly in cardiology and oncology indicated exponential growth over time. Further exponential growth is expected in future years, as awareness and cross-disciplinary collaboration and education increase. Publications specifically on machine learning will likely continue to lead the way.

Introduction

     Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad concept describing computer-performed tasks that would normally require human intelligence. AI applied to medicine has impacted several disciplines, but may have the broadest applications in cutting-edge research-oriented fields such as cardiology and oncology. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death [1], [2], and may benefit from applications of AI to elucidate pathophysiology and opportunities for prevention and early diagnosis. Great evidence of growth in a field can come from acceleration in publications indicative of advancement and potential impact in the field. Yet, this has not been objectively assessed for AI publications in the general biomedical literature, nor specifically for the prominent fields of cardiology or oncology.

     AI plays a crucial role in our daily lives and our interactions with technology. There is increasing interest in the implementation of AI in healthcare. A main driver of AI in healthcare is the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are a subset of AI and glean and use insights from training datasets to perform tasks and make predictions without explicit additional programming [3], [4]. Deep learning (DL) is a form of ML that is also based on pattern recognition and uses layered artificial neural networks to assess data at different levels of abstraction, to automate complex cognitive tasks that may not yet be clearly delineated [5], [6]. Natural language processing (NLP) is another subfield of AI, in which computer-based algorithms analyze, process, and transform natural language data into a form ready for computation [7], [8], [9]. All of these forms of AI have utility in healthcare, including in cardiology and oncology [10].

Results

     Publications using the term “artificial intelligence” in the title or abstract were first noted in 1963, “machine learning” in 1964, “natural language processing” in 1978, “deep learning” in general in 1989, and “deep learning” relevant to machine learning in 2011. In the last two decades, publications using all four terms related to AI showed remarkable growth (Fig. 1). Most publications used the term “machine learning” (n = 20,301) with a notable predominance (Fig. 1) compared to the other three distinct terms “artificial intelligence” (n = 4535), “natural language processing” (n = 2608), and “deep learning” (n = 4459) (Table 1). Consequently, the acceleration of publications in AI overall appeared to be due almost entirely to publications on “machine learning”.