مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد فیوژن اطلاعات در نظارت شبکه حسگر بی سیم – الزویر 2019

Effective energy control while maintaining reliable monitoring performance becomes a key issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based surveillance applications. While importance difference of surveillance zone, limited energy and dynamic network topology pose great challenges to surveillance performance. It is necessary to adjust sensor nodes awakening frequency dynamically for information fusion. Thus an energy-aware scheduling with quality guarantee method named ESQG is proposed in this paper which considers sensor nodes residual energy, different importance degrees of the surveillance zone and network topology comprehensively. It first uses a Voronoi diagram to determine the effective scope of each sensor node and then calculates node importance according to its residual energy and the importance degree of the effective scope. Then ESQG utilizes the importance of individual sensing scope and current forwarding costs to further compute node importance and awakening frequency for information fusion. In this way, ESQG can dynamically adapts each nodes awakening frequency to its dynamic network topology and importance degree of each individual sensing scope. The nodes are then turned on stochasticlly via the node awakening probability and node importance based information fusion is conducted for target detection. Besides, an adaptive process of perception factor C is proposed to match actual situation, and automatically change according to the detected data. Experiments results demonstrate that the proposed method ESQG can reduce the number of awakening nodes to a large extent while maintaining high reliability via information fusion.

Introduction

With the rapid development of integrated circuits, digital signal processing and low-range radio electronics, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received great attention for wide application potentials. WSN based applications enlarge 5 human capabilities to remotely interact with the physical world. These applications include battlefield surveillance [1], target tracking [2], home appliances and inventory tracking in which information fusion [3] is needed. For example, in the monitoring of Blue-green Algae Bloom on Lake Tai [4], its physical information (eg., water temperature, water color) can be obtained to predict biolog10 ical growth and potential ecological disasters via information fusion. However, WSN enjoys some unique characteristics such as limited energy supply. That is because sensor node has a finite energy reserve supplied by a battery and is often unfeasible to recharge the battery, effective energy control while maintaining reliable detection performance is key problem to wireless sensor networks 15 surveillance. Thus minimizing energy consumption while maintaining system performance via information fusion remains a high priority in designing wireless sensor networks. To prolong the lifespan of a network, sensor nodes are often scheduled to sleep dynamically. While adjacent nodes share common sensing tasks, which 20 implies that not all sensor nodes are required to perform the sensing task in the whole system lifetime. That is to say, as long as there are enough working nodes, the function of the whole system will not be affected by some sleeping nodes. Therefore, if the sensors can be well scheduled, the system lifetime can be prolonged correspondingly; i.e. the system lifetime is prolonged by exploiting 25 redundancy [5]. In order to increase the node energy utilization and lengthen the lifetime of the wireless sensor network (WSN), a novel clustering node sleep scheduling algorithm based on information fusion is proposed in [6]. But these works mentioned above does not consider providing differentiated surveillance services for different importance degree areas while maintaining high enough 30 detection probability to targets. All of them do not consider link fluctuations and other network dynamics. What is more, sleep scheduling mechanism is the most widely used technique for efficiently managing network energy consumption. The author of [7] provides a survey on energy-efficient scheduling mechanisms in wireless sensor networks that has different network architecture 35 than the traditional wireless sensor networks. However, although much more energy can be saved by reducing the working time of sensor module [8], duty cycling usually wastes energy due to unnecessary wakeups, and low-power radios are used to awake a node only when it needs to receive or transmit packets while a power-hungry radio is used for data transmission and information fusion.