مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد توسعه بتن سبز از زباله های زراعی و ساختمانی – اسپرینگر 2018

In the 11th Malaysia Plan (Economic Planning Unit 2015), the Malaysian construction industry has been urged to change from the conventional construction method to Industrialised Building System (IBS) to attain better construction quality and productivity. The use of IBS has been made compulsory in the construction of public buildings, and the adoption of this alternative construction system was fully supported by the government through programmes, incentives and encouragement policies stipulated under the IBS Roadmap 2011–2015 (CIDB 2010). Through the recently launched Construction Industry Transformation Plan 2016–2020 (CIDB 2015), see Fig. 36.1, the government, together with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), will be emphasizing on a construction system which is environmentally sustainable, in line with the requirements of green construction and the reduction of carbon emission of CO2. It has been well documented that the global expansion of the greenhouse effect has been partly due to the production of cement. It was approximated that 2.7 billion cubic metres of concrete were consumed with production spread unevenly among more than 150 countries. This equals more than 0.4 m3 of concrete consumed per person annually. The production of Portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of a significant amount of CO2 and other gases leading to the effect on global warming. Literature has proven that the manufacturing of 1 ton of Portland cement produces about 1 ton of CO2. Since the production of Portland cement is not particularly environmentally friendly and the impact it causes to the environment due to carbon emission (CO2) calls for the development of the innovative green concrete which utilizes agricultural and construction waste as cement replacement and the reduction of natural resources (Vlastimir et al. 2013; Megat Johari et al. 2011; Karim et al. 2011). The challenge for green concrete is therefore to use as little Portland cement as possible and replace the Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials such as agricultural waste and waste from construction such as recycled concrete aggregates (Meyer 2009). The consumption of agricultural and construction waste in green concrete reduces the dependency of earth natural resources, reduces waste and improves the environment and quality of life. Hence, the design of green concrete as a sustainable building material is an innovative idea and has attracted the attention of many researchers and construction players around the world.