مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تعهد سازمانی و فرسودگی شغلی در پرستاران – الزویر 2018

With the development of technology and changes in medical care, the requirements of the medical service have been steadily increasing. In particular, the role of nurses has increased as the medical community recognizes the importance of patient care. Nurses are commonly the main point of contact between patients and medical staff, and therefore need to have enthusiasm, patience, and diligence in the treatment of each patient. In many cases, this must be accomplished in high-pressure environments under severe workloads, resulting in huge psychological stress and increased likelihood of anxiety, depression and insomnia (Cheung and Yip, 2015, Eldevik et al., 2013, Song, 2013). Anxiety is a common psychological condition(Cole, 2014). Onset can occur due to a variety of reasons, but is usually associated with stress-related either physical or mental challenges, or a combination of both. Anxiety is therefore an adaptive emotional response which has been shown to have protective functions(Cole, 2014). However, if the anxiety states become systematic, the response can be detrimental, producing anxiety disorder(Association, 2013). In China, compared to other medical professions, nurses have been shown to be more prone to anxiety(Gao et al., 2012, Wei et al., 2009). A recent Chinese study examined the prevalence of anxiety in 7071 nurses from 460 hospitals and found that 39.12% of these nurses suffered from anxiety(Jiang, 2012). Furthermore, another cross-sectional study conducted in seven Chinese cities indicated that the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among Chinese nurses was 43.4%(Gao et al., 2012). Studies have also shown that Chinese nurses suffer more from anxiety than those from some other countries. In particular, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among Chinese nurses was greater than those in Japan(7%)(Kawano, 2008), the U.S.(20%)(Kawano, 2008), and Singapore (21%)(Chan and Huak, 2004). Finally, the level of anxiety among Chinese nurses (44.48 ± 11.32) has also been shown to be prominently higher than the general population (33.8 ± 5.9)(Wei et al., 2009). The question arises: Why would Chinese nurses suffer so many symptoms of anxiety? The answers are complex. First, China is a country with a large population base, and the ratio of nurses to the general population is 1:1750, which is significantly lower than other developed countries where the ranges are from 1:140 to 1:320(Wu et al., 2010). Chinese nurses tend to work overtime, experience long working hours, and have an enormous workload (Wang et al., 2012). In addition, the social status of Chinese nurses is relatively low and therefore there is a large imbalance in effort and reward(Gao et al., 2012).