مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد مطالعه بهسازی زمین در واکنش های فونداسیون شمعی – اسپرینگر 2017

The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, with a moment magnitude of Mw = 9.0, occurred on March 11, 2011. During this earthquake, soil liquefaction caused extensive damage to residential lands and houses, as well as to infrastructures, such as roads, rivers, ports, and water supply/sewage systems, over a wide area along the Pacific Coast in Tohoku and in Kanto, including the Tokyo Bay area. Due to the large fault zone, the duration of the strong shaking was extremely long. According to Tokimatsu et al. (2012), liquefaction induced damages in Urayasu City such as sand piping on ground surfaces and significant ground subsidence resulting in buildings settlement, tilt, and lateral movement from 3 to 45 cm, 2 to 3, and 1 to 20 cm, respectively, were recorded. Most of the foundations of major infrastructures located on eastern Japan are composed of pile foundations. Because the surface soils in this area are primarily alluvial with characteristics of composition, dense/loose extents and ground water levels prone to liquefaction during earthquake, it is obvious that a pile foundation situated in this area is subject to high risk of failure when liquefaction occurs. The consequences may cause collapse of the superstructure. To avoid the damage of pile foundation and associated superstructure situated at the liquefaction-prone soil layers, prevention measure should be implemented in planning, design and construction, while one of the methods that have been widely applied in practice is ground treatment. This paper presents a potential to approach determine and evaluate the range of ground treatment in practice and the verification of the effectiveness of ground treatment with the behavior of the pile foundation.