مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد دینامیک ساعت های کار والدین، امنیت شغلی و مشکلات رفتاری کودک – اسپرینگر 2017

Families and workplaces have undergone many changes in recent decades prompting much needed research on the associations between current work and familyarrangements and a range of outcomes, including outcomes for children. Previous research has focused on the time pressures faced by families given the shift from a dominant male breadwinner model to a dual-earner model in which neither partner is available for full time care duties (Blossfeld and Drobnič 2001; Fox et al. 2013). As mother’s labour force participation rates have increased over time, with fewer women withdrawing from employment for mothering and child care responsibilities, researchers and policy makers are increasingly focusing on understanding how families manage conflicting work and family demands (Den Dulk et al. 2013; Kelly et al. 2014). Concerns have been raised not just about the implications for employees, but also for children whose parents work long hours or experience adverse work conditions (Gennetian et al. 2008; Han 2005; Han and Fox 2011; Hsin and Felfe 2014; Joshi and Bogen 2007; Miller and Chang 2015; Strazdins et al. 2006). Key findings show that parents’ longer work hours, and increases in work hours are associated with worse child behaviour (Gennetian et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2013; Kalil et al. 2014). One reason parents’ work hours, and especially maternal employment, may be linked with worse child behaviour is due to increased hours of non-parental care, and less positive mother-child interactions (Nomaguchi 2006). Increased work hours may be associated with fewer occasions for mother-child interactions and less opportunities for motherchild bonding. Similarly, researchers report parents’ employment in nonstandard hours or night/evening shifts are linked with unfavourable child outcomes (Han 2005; Han and Fox 2011; Joshi and Bogen 2007; Miller and Chang 2015; Strazdins et al. 2006). The mechanisms linking parental employment in nonstandard work and negative child behaviour have been shown to occur through variations in mothers’ mental health and the type and quality of childcare (Han 2005), as well as lower maternal knowledge of children’s whereabouts and activities (Han and Fox 2011).