مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد اثر برنامه آموزش هوش هیجانی بر زندگی بیماران همودیالیزی – الزویر 2018

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible disease. It is diagnosed when kidney function is less than 10% of the normal function. The function of kidneys in the regulation of electrolytes and the excretion of waste materials is severely impaired, which is accompanied with an increase of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the blood as well as electrolyte imbalance. However, haemodialysis is not capable of stimulating bone marrow to haematopoiesis and secretion of hormones (Smeltzer, Brenda, Janice, & Hinkle Kerry, 2010). A recent systematic review showed that in 2010 the number of patients receiving renal replacement therapy worldwide was 2.6 million, of which almost 80% were undergoing haemodialysis (Liyanage et al., 2015). According to the report of “Association of Supporting Patients with Renal Disease” in Iran, of 40000 patients with renal disease, 15000 patients were undergoing haemodialysis, and 500 of which died due to the complications of the disease (Rahimi, Baljani, & Zadgasem, 2012). Although treatment modalities, such as haemodialysis, improve patient survival rates, they can also negatively affect all aspects of patients’ life and may lead to physical complications (Smeltzer et al., 2010). About one half of patients on haemodialysis typically experience multiple symptoms such as pain, fatigue, pruritus and constipation (Caplin, Kumar, & Davenport, 2011). They may also experience a variety of other complications such as limited activities due to changes in diet, feeling of social insecurity, being dependent on others and changes in quality of life (QoL) (Rahimi et al., 2012). It is believed that chronic diseases are often associated with poor QoL (Feroze et al., 2011). Those mental and social health issues that affect haemodialysis patients depend largely on the level of stress experienced by the patients. Mental pressures damage the patients’ mental well being and cause psychological problems and social isolation (Theofilou, 2011). Therefore, it is critical for nurses to improve their understanding of the impact of chronic diseases and treatment modalities such as haemodialysis on patients’ QoL (Mahmoudi, Shariati, & Behnampour, 2003). Health-related QoL has taken an increasing importance as an index of the success of healthcare interventions (Fructuoso, Castro, Oliveira, Prata, & Morgado, 2011). In 1998, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined QoL as ‘one’s perception of his/her position in life in relation to his/her goals, expectations, standards, and concerns within the culture and values of the society they live in’ (WHOQoL Group, 1998, p. 551-558).