مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد در نظر گرفتن حالت های اکولوژیکی آب در توسعه مدل کمی آب و هوایی – الزویر 2020

1. Introduction

2. Methods and materials

3. Implementation

4. Results and discussions

5. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Appendix A.

References

Abstract

The need to respect environmental considerations in terms of resource consumption and harmful production has led to formulate regulations for green building. While some countries have started developing green building rating systems, some others are following the existing systems. Iran does not comply with any of the existing systems due to political reasons and does not utilize such a system officially. The purpose of this study is to add environmental water attitudes to Madad’s Green Building Model, which was developed solely on the basis of environmental climatic factors. The model of each city is a function of its climatic and demographic conditions and is implemented on the basis of expert advice and AHP methodology. The results of the monetary valuation studies were used to improve the selection of indicators and to accurately define their weighting in the model. The indicators in the current study are to reduce runoff volume, water consumption, and the reuse of grey-water. The assessment results of the study area showed that only 11% of these green building capabilities had been used.

Introduction

The urban population has grown twice in compare with the rural population since 1950 (United Nations, 2015). The strong growth in the concentration of the urban population is leading to a deep degradation of the environment, which is more intense in developing countries (El Araby, 2002). Recognizing the energy efficiency factors of the urban buildings is crucial to create opportunities for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions under climatic conditions (Zhou et al., 2018). For this reason, since the early 1990s, most countries have either developed their own green building rating systems or followed one of the existing systems (Madad et al., 2019). Surveys of some of the world’s best-known green building systems reveal a common priority in reducing energy consumption, which will automatically lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions (Chen et al., 2015).

Although the development of these green building rating systems has been viewed as a good step towards environmental polarization, the criteria and assessments of these systems should also be based on local climatic conditions (Madad et al., 2019). The second important gap in the development of green building systems is the selection of appropriate criteria and weighing methods, which are usually selected based on the views and tastes of experts and their past experiences rather than the quantitative calculations and precise Monetary Evaluations (ME). The lack of using ME in the selection of criteria and the weighting of the model is due to the lack of full coverage of monetary studies on all environmental factors (HK-BEAM, 2004).