مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد شایستگی کمیته های حسابرسی: بانک های سپرده گذاری – الزویر ۲۰۱۸

Economic activities in Turkey are mostly funded by banks. Due to the financing function of banks, problems that banks could encounter in the banking system will cause serious effects on the economy. For this reason, auditing of banks effi- ciently is a requirement (Zengin & Yu¨ksel, 2016). There are many auditing activities performed in banks. These audit activities are performed mostly by an internal control and internal audit departments internally (Banking Law, 2005). In addition to the internal control and internal audit, banks are audited by independent auditors and public auditors externally (Yurtsever, 2009). One of the important points in auditing is to ensure the independence of auditors. Reporting of internal auditors to audit committees and the responsibility of independent auditors towards audit committees are important. In order to provide auditor independence, establishment of audit committees in the board of directors in banks is a common practice and quite widespread. Besides enabling the independence of auditors, audit committees take a variety of important responsibilities in companies especially in banks. These responsibilities can be divided into 9 categories which are internal control, internal audit, risk management, ethics and code of conduct, accounting and financial reporting, independent audit, support services, valuation services, and rating bureaus (Banking Law, 2005; Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA, 2014). In order to fulfill their responsibilities best, audit committees should be structured very well, should work effectively and efficiently and should work with high performance. These mentioned issues all together form the adequacy of audit committees. The history of audit committees goes back to 1940s in the world. It is possible to say that audit committees emerged as a result of the scandals of accounting and auditing, and bankruptcies especially in the United States of America (USA). Scandals and bankruptcies result in re-querying governance structure, independent audit and audit committees (Dalgıç, ۲۰۰۵). Some scandals and bankruptcy cases between 2001 and 2008 are included in Appendix A (Aksoy, 2007; Cuebas, 2010). Scandals and bankruptcies have caused to query the effectiveness of the internal and external financial reporting and audit activities in corporations. Audit committees were included in this discussion because of the fact that they are responsible for the supervision of financial reporting and audit activities in companies. Audit committees were criticized much more harshly, especially because of providing independence to auditors in terms of supervising accounting and financial reporting. After the scandals and bankruptcies related with accounting and auditing in global areas, various countries and international institutes began to focus on audit committees. New regulations were made and came into force after the discussions as a result of the studies of the countries and international institutes. Sarbanes-Oxley Act is one and the most important regulation in the world affecting audit committees. Similar to the countries which have faced crises and bankruptcies, Turkey has also faced crises and bankruptcies. The hardest banking crisis Turkey had ever experienced was in 2001. In this crisis, 17 banks went bankrupt, which cost Turkey the amount of billion dollars (SDIF, 2017). After this experience having destructive effects, the governance and audit structure of banks became the subject of discussions in Turkey as in other countries. The Banking Law dated 1999 numbered 4389 was renewed by the new Banking Law dated 2005 numbered 5411 taking into consideration the discussions, regulations, and trends in the world and the bank bankruptcies seen in Turkey. In the new Banking Law numbered 5411, audit committees are regulated as compulsory to be established in all banks operating in Turkey although there was not an obligation in the Banking Law numbered 4389 (Banking Law, 2005). After that time, banks started to set up audit committees in Turkey.