مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تقاضای حمل و نقل هوایی با هولت وینترز باگینگ

The year of 2014 marked one hundred years after the creation of the world’s first airline between St. Petersburg-Tampa operated by Percival Fansler. Since then, the air transportation business has grown massively improving people’s mobility and boosting economy. Indeed, the air transportation segment is a driver of the economic and social development of a country (Singh et al., 2016). The numbers are expressive. According to the International Air Transportation Association, IATA, in an average year, the airline industry carries 3 billion people and 50 million tons of cargo, supporting 56.6 million jobs and $ 2.2 trillion of economic activity (IATA, 2014).

Though the relationship between air transport demand and economic development is consensual, the direction of causality is not straightforward as discussed by Green (2007). It may be found in literature evidences that the relationship may be unidirectional or bidirectional according to the context. Indeed, the spacial, economic, cultural and social characteristics of the region under study may derive in different results as these factors induce distinct travel motivations. Knowing each reality is of uttermost importance for planners, investors and policy makers. The reader is invited for a detailed discussion on this topic in Hakim and Merkert (2016) and Baker et al. (2015).

The growth of air transportation business places complex investment and managerial decision-making problems. Nowadays, the performance of the air transportation industry is the result of the application of complex and modern optimization techniques mostly based on operations research (OR) theories. Barnhart et al. (2003) published an overview about the application of OR techniques to the air transportation industry. The areas covered include aircraft and crew scheduling, revenue management, overbooking, leg-based seat inventory management and the planning and operations of aviation infrastructure. Regarding infrastructure there is a vast literature dealing with airport location and several papers deal with airport locations issues such as hub location (for a review on the topic see Farahani et al., 2013). In a scenery where most processes are already subjected to optimization methodologies, competitive advantages for the players may arise from more accurate and realistic input data. For that reason, forecast modelling still plays an essential role, despite its inherent uncertainty