Abstract

Climate change requires transforming the production processes of high-emission industries toward low-carbon technologies. One of the main emitters of greenhouse gases is the steel industry. Therefore, steel manufacturers are planning to substitute the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route with hydrogen-based direct reduction and electric arc furnaces. Thus, direct greenhouse gas emissions can be avoided almost entirely. This involves changes in the materials and energies used. Besides hydrogen, natural gas is becoming more important for the direct reduction of iron ores. Therefore, future greenhouse gas emissions associated with low-carbon steelmaking are deeply intertwined with the developments of the system environment. Upon potential transformation pathways of the system environment, future greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas and hydrogen-based direct reduction coupled with electric arc furnaces are investigated. To this end, a prospective cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach is used. The results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions highly depend on the electricity mix if hydrogen is produced by electrolysis. Using natural gas for direct reduction is a viable short-term option until the decarbonization of the energy sector is further advanced.

Introduction

Due to climate change, it is required to decarbonize highemission industries such as the steel industry. Approximately 7% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions result from steelmaking processes, especially from primary steelmaking [1]. In most cases, the coal-based blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route is used for the primary production of crude steel [2]. However, alternative technologies for reducing direct GHG emissions of steelmaking already exist. As of today, most steel manufacturers are planning to substitute BFBOF production facilities with direct reduction plants (DRP) and electric arc furnaces (EAF) from 2025 onwards [3–5]. In this process design, sponge iron is produced within the DRP. Afterward, the sponge iron is further processed within the EAF for crude steel production. Existing DRPs are currently solely operated with natural gas (NG/DR) for direct reduction [1]. The NG/DR-EAF process serves as a transitional technology in the transformation process of integrated steel mills toward lowcarbon steelmaking. In the long term, NG/DR can be substituted by hydrogen-based direct reduction (H/DR) of iron ore. If hydrogen is used, direct GHG emissions can be reduced by up to 97% [6]. A framework for designing economically advantageous transformation pathways is developed within [7].

Conclusion

Most European steel manufacturers are planning to transform their integrated steel mills’ production infrastructure toward DR-EAF production to significantly reduce GHG emissions from primary steelmaking. This article consists of a prospective cradle-to-gate LCA approach for DR-EAF steelmaking. For environmental impact assessment, it is differentiated between NG/DR, H/DR with hydrogen from electrolysis using the German electricity mix, and H/DR with hydrogen from electrolysis using electricity from onshore wind turbines. The developed assessment provides an understanding of the environmental impacts of the DR-EAF route considering different future developments of the system environment.

This study finds that direct GHG emissions can be reduced by around 96% if H/DR-EAF production is applied to substitute the BF-BOF route. However, indirect GHG emissions are highly intertwined with future developments of the system environment. Thus, fast decarbonization of the energy sector is highly important to heavily reduce overall GHG emissions. Also, GHG emissions from raw material extraction, processing, and transportation need to be reduced to aim for a low GHG emission steel industry. Process-related, direct GHG emissions are higher when NG/DR is applied. Indirect emissions, however, are less affected by system environment developments. Thus, natural gas provides a viable short-term option for the DR process. Besides decarbonization of the system environment which needs to be driven by policymakers, steel manufacturers need to focus on measures to increase their shares of low-carbon hydrogen in the early phase of the transformation process. To this end, electrolysis capacities need to be installed if sufficient external hydrogen sources for H/DR are not available. Also, increasing the share of low-carbon electricity to operate electrolysis facilities is of high importance.

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Experimental

3. Results and discussion

4. Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

Supplementary Information

References

Abstract

     This study investigates the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the mechanical and corrosion behavior, antibacterial performance, and cell response of Mg—Zn—Mn (MZM) nanocomposite. MZM/GO nanocomposites with different amounts of GO (i.e., 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, and 1.5wt%) were fabricated by the semi-powder metallurgy method. The influence of GO on the MZM nanocomposite was analyzed through the hardness, compressive, corrosion, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity tests. The experimental results showed that, with the increase in the amount of GO (0.5wt% and 1.5wt%), the hardness value, compressive strength, and antibacterial performance of the MZM nanocomposite increased, whereas the cell viability and osteogenesis level decreased after the addition of 1.5wt% GO. Moreover, the electrochemical examination results showed that the corrosion behavior of the MZM alloy was significantly enhanced after encapsulation in 0.5wt% GO. In summary, MZM nanocomposites reinforced with GO can be used for implant applications because of their antibacterial performance and mechanical property.

Introduction

     Currently, because magnesium (Mg) alloys have more benefits than common metallic materials, ceramics, and biodegradable polymers, their biomedical applications have been increasing. In terms of mechanical features, metals have higher mechanical strength and fracture toughness than ceramics or polymers; thus, metals are more appropriate for load-bearing usages than ceramics or polymers [1–2]. The density of human cortical bone (1.75 g/cm3 ) is similar to the density of Mg (1.738 g/cm3 ) and Mg alloys (1.75–1.85 g/cm3 ) but lower than the density of biomedical titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (4.47 g/cm3 ) [3–4]. In terms of biocompatibility, certain amounts of Mg ions in the human body are connected with many metabolic reactions and biological mechanisms [5–6]. Mg alloys are suitable orthopedic and cardiovascular implants because further surgery to remove them is not needed [7–8]. However, an important drawback of Mgbased implants is that they do not have good resistance against corrosion in physiological environments [9]. Mechanical strength could be significantly reduced by rapid and uncontrollable corrosion processes, which leads to premature failure [10]. Moreover, the health of patients who have such implants could be at risk because of the evolution of hydrogen gas and alkalinization of the environments close to the interface between implant and tissue [11]. Therefore, to achieve the secure deployment of biomedical devices, the degradation/corrosion rate of Mg alloys needs to be controlled [12]. In this context, several methods, such as alloying, powder metallurgy (PM), and surface modification strategies, have been used in an extensive number of studies that aimed to solve the problem of corrosion in Mg alloys [13–14]. Among the best methods to enhance the corrosion resistance of porous Mg are PM processes, such as mechanical alloying [15–17].

Conclusion

     In this study, using the semi-powder metallurgy method, different contents of GO were embedded in the Mg–Zn–Mn (MZM) matrix to prepare MZM/xGO nanocomposites for orthopedic applications. The corrosion performance and the 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 0 −0.5 −1.0 −1.5 −2.0 Extension / mm MZM/GO Graphene oxide Graphene oxide Graphene oxide Graphene oxide Crack Crack (a) (c) 1.5GO 0.5GO 1GO MZM (b) MZM composite MZM/0.5GO MZM/1GO MZM/1.5GO 49 59 63 64 Compression strength / N 4820 17810 19960 9620 1.12 1.31 1.44 0.72 Force / (10 3 N) Micro hardness, HV Extension / mm Material nanocomposite Fig. 10.    (a) Typical compressive curves and (b) hardness and compressive strength values of the MZM/xGO nanocomposites; (c) schematic diagram of the crack deflection toughening mechanisms of GO in the MZM/xGO nanocomposites. S. Jabbarzare et al., Effect of graphene oxide on the corrosion, mechanical and biological properties of Mg-based … 317 mechanical and biological characteristics of the MZM/xGO nanocomposites were analyzed. The microstructural assessment showed that a uniform distribution was achieved in the MZM/0.5GO and MZM/1GO nanocomposite specimens. However, agglomeration was observed in the MZM/1.5GO nanocomposite specimen. The results showed that the GO content, hardness value, and compressive strength are positively associated. In this context, the MZM/1GO nanocomposite has higher hardness value and compressive strength than the Mg-based nanocomposite without GO. The MZM/ 0.5GO nanocomposite exhibited a nearly comparable corrosion resistance to the MZM/1GO nanocomposite, even though the incorporation of more GO has an unfavorable effect on the Rct value of the MZM matrix. The MTT assay results showed that the MZM/1GO nanocomposite increased the MG63 cell viability and ALP activity, indicating the increasing level of osteogenesis. The results of the analysis of antibacterial activity showed that the MZM/1.5GO nanocomposite had a noticeable effect on antibacterial effectiveness toward bacteria, including Salmonella–Shigella and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In summary, the results indicate the possibility of utilizing the MZM/1GO nanocomposite for implant applications with effective anti-infection characteristics.

Abstract

I. INTRODUCTION

II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

III. RESULTS

IV. DISCUSSION

V. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Abstract

     Nanocomposites have been developed as the third-generation insulating materials. This article introduces the crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) nanocomposite dielectric doped with a small amount of nano-hexagonal boron nitride ( h -BN), which exhibits excellent insulation properties under high dc voltage. The test results show that XLPE/ h -BN nanocomposites possess significant improvements in dc breakdown strength and 0.1 wt% nano h -BN doping can actually increase the dc breakdown strength by 39%. The space charge properties of the XLPE/ h -BN obtained by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) measurements and the direct current integrated charge [DCIC- Q(t) ] measurements show that the positive homocharge injection under dc voltage is obviously suppressed, and the electrical conductivity under relatively high electric field decreases. The thermally stimulated current results show that the nano h -BN doping introduces only deep charge traps (above 1 eV) to the XLPE matrix. The trap energy is deeper than that of the original traps, and this is the main factor leading to the improvement of the dc insulation properties. Besides, the doping of h -BN does not introduce impurities or change the crystallinity of XLPE. This article presents the novel XLPE/ h -BN nanocomposites with excellent dc insulation properties and indicates the large potential of the nano h -BN-doped insulation materials.

Introduction

     NANOCOMPOSITES have excellent dielectric properties and have become the third-generation insulating materials [1]. Nano-doping can improve corona resistance and electrical tree characteristics as well as regulate dielectric properties of the polymer matrix. More importantly, the dc insulation properties can be enhanced to various degrees by inorganic nanoparticle doping, such as the suppression of the charge injection and transportation, as well as the increase of the breakdown strength. With the construction of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line in a large scale, the power industries have proposed stricter requirements on the dc insulation performance of insulating materials. Therefore,nanocomposite dielectrics may be more suitable for dc insulation systems in the future, and nanocomposite materials with higher insulation performance need to be continuously developed. For example, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE)- based nanocomposites are expected to be used in the new generation of HVDC cable.

Conclusion

     The XLPE/h-BN nanocomposite with high dc breakdown strength and suppressed charge injection features were introduced in this study. It is useful to reach the conclusions as follows.

     1) XLPE/h-BN nanocomposite samples with loading content ranging from 0.1 to 3 wt% were prepared successfully. The dc Eb of the nanocomposite sample shows at most a 39% increase under 0.1 wt% loading.

     2) The effect of h-BN doping on the charge trap characteristics of XLPE is a significant increase in the density of deep traps, and this is the main cause for the improvement of dc insulation properties.

Abstract

     The modern approaches to modeling for creating new nickel-based superalloys are analyzed. The computer calculation methods used in domestic and foreign practice and based on multifactor design of experiments are presented

Introduction

     Currently, the active work on creating the fifthand sixth-generation aviation gas turbine engines, which is being performed in advanced states, is accompanied by vigorous development of effective methods to significantly facilitate and shorten the time of production of new high-temperature alloys, the difficulties of manufacture of which have increased many times due to the sharp complication of alloying. The regions of optimum alloy compositions began to be located near the phase boundaries of various undesirable or harmful phases.

     This problem is challenging due to the fact that the achieved complexity of alloying (primarily cast nickel superalloys) has led to the fact that their further development and optimization of the compositions of promising alloys are associated with ensuring simultaneous consideration of a significant number of the factors directly affecting their performance.

ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS OF PHASE DIAGRAMS

     In the 1960s–1970s of the last century, the direction of calculating and predicting phase diagrams in materials science, which today has resulted in a rather powerful and popular direction, developed very actively. The problem of finding criteria for phase diagrams of different types has been solved since the time of van der Waals [4], who, working in the field of theoretical molecular physics, studied the behavior of molecules characterizing the state of material. In 1869, he discovered the forces of interaction between molecules, which were later called the van der Waals forces. In 1873, in his dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy, he developed a model, which uniformly describes the gaseous and liquid forms of matter, and derived an equation of state for gases and liquids. About this work, Maxwell said that it immediately put his name on a par with the most outstanding names in science.

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Experimental section

3. Results and discussion

4. Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Abstract

     The addition of graphene as an efficient nano-filler to different polymer matrices lead to a substantial improvement in different physical properties which, as a result, pave the way towards promising applications. In this work, Polystyrene (PS) was reinforced with different low loadings of graphene oxide (GO). The latter was prepared according to the Hummers method. The incorporated weight fractions were (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0) wt. %. Solution blending was the adopted approach to prepare the nanocomposites. The resulted nanocomposites were characterised compared to the neat polymer. Many tools were employed to investigate the structure, morphology, thermal, and thermo-mechanical behaviour of GO, neat polymer, and the nanocomposites. The structural and morphological outcome for GO and PS was confirmed compared to the literature. The outcome confirmed as well the good dispersion of GO nano-sheets in the PS. The thermal and thermo-mechanical properties were enhanced for the nanocomposites compared to the neat polymer. The results emphasised the improvement of nanocomposites’ performance as the inclusion of GO went higher.

Introduction

     Carbon based nano-fillers for a range of applications have recently attracted a considerable attention due to their exceptional mechanical and physical properties such as high strength, high stiffness and high thermal and electrical conductivities. Many of research groups have prepared and study the features of these materials according to their low cost, low weight and ease of processing.[1] Graphite, fullerene, carbon nano-tubes and the recently discovered material, graphene, are derived from this fascinating material, carbon, and they are the most widely studied allotropes of interest to technologists and researchers due to their unique applications in various fields.

     Graphene is a planar honeycomb lattice that is a two dimensional, one atom thick carbon sheet. Its properties include high thermal conductivity, high intrinsic electron mobility, optical transmittance of 98%, large specific surface area and high Young’s modulus.[3] These properties offer graphene the potential for numerous different applications in many disciplines such as sensors, energy conversion, storage devices, solar cells and reinforced composites.[4] To enable the exploitation of these unique properties in applications, graphene and its derivatives have been successfully prepared using different routes such as bottom-up chemical vapour deposition and top down exfoliation of graphite by means of oxidation, intercalation and/or sonication.[5] As a consequence of their high G-G interactions (kind of non-covalent interaction between electron rich G system and another molecule), graphene sheets are not directly mixed with the polymer matrices to produce polymer nanocomposites as the graphene sheets tend to stack into large aggregates. For this reason, graphene oxide is usually incorporated into polymer matrices for making high quality polymer nanocomposites, as it has better compatibility with polymers, forms a uniform dispersion and offers a possibility of mass production.

Conclusions

     In this study, different low loadings of GO were incorporated homogenously into a PS matrix and different structural, thermal properties were studied as well as the nanomechanical behaviour for the polymer, and the nanosheets imaged in the cryogenically fractured surface. The incorporation of low loadings of the GO led to improvement in thermal and thermomechanical performance as the results of TGA, DSC and DMA indicated. As the homogenous dispersion for the nanosheets in the polymer matrix is a prerequisite for a good performance, this kind of dispersion was verified via different microscopic techniques carried out in this study. These techniques included OM, SEM and TEM. According to the very low weight fractions used in this study, no sharp peaks of GO appeared in Raman spectroscopy for the nanocomposites. Weak shoulders appeared in FTIR diagram and tiny humps can be seen in the curves of XRD. These can be attributed to the low loadings of GO in the PS that led to dilution of GO in the polymer matrix. In general, the incorporation of GO in PS using low loadings led to improve thermal and thermomechanical performance for the nanocomposites compared to the neat polymer. Td, Tg, and storage modulus were increased as the weight fraction of GO went higher.

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Nomenclature

1. Introduction

2. Why focusing on LIB risk management and safety issues?

2. Contextualising the relative levels of risk of electric vehicle LIBs

3. Potential failure mechanisms of LIBs

4. Origins and categorisation of risks associated with LIBs

5. End of Life LIB incidents

6. Safety measures, regulatory gaps and discussions

7. Conclusions

Credit author statement

Declaration of competing interest

Acknowledgments

References

Abstract

Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB) are an essential facilitator of the decarbonisation of the transport and energy system, and their high energy densities represent a major technological achievement and resource for humankind. In this research, it has been argued that LIBs have penetrated everyday life faster than our understanding of the risks and challenges associated with them. The current safety standards in the car industry have benefited from over 130 years of evolution and refinement, and Electric Vehicle (EV) and LIB are comparably in their infancy. This paper considers some of the issues of safety over the life cycle of batteries, including: the End of Life disposal of batteries, their potential reuse in a second-life application (e.g. in Battery Energy Storage Systems), recycling and unscheduled End of Life (i.e. accidents). The failure mechanism and reports from a range of global case studies, scenarios and incidents are described to infer potential safety issues and highlight lessons that can be learned. Therefore, the safety risks of LIBs were categorised, and the regularity requirements to create and inform a wider debate on the general safety of LIBs were discussed. From the analysis, a range of gaps in current approaches have been identified and the risk management systems was discussed. Ultimately, it is concluded that robust educational and legal processes are needed to understand and manage the risks for first responders and the public at large to ensure a safe and beneficial transition to low carbon transportation and energy system.

1. Introduction

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have penetrated deeply into society, finding a wide range of applications in personal electronic devices since their discovery and development in the 1980s and 90s, and more recently in larger energy systems for traction and energy storage. This is mainly owing to the unique characteristics of LIB technology, i.e. high energy densities, high voltage, good stability, low self-discharge rate, long-life cycle and availability of a wide range of chemistries with diverse electrode designs [1,2]. LIBs are incorporated into ever widening application areas and are to be found at scales as diverse as their usages. This is evidenced by the growth in the uptake of LIBs having increased eight fold between 2010 and 2018 to 160 GWh [3] and the steady increase in annual sales of LIBs which are predicted to be upwards of 4 TWh by 2040 [4]. In the UK, it is forecast that the number of LIBs reaching the end of their life from automotive applications would have reached approximately 75,000 units, or 28,000 t by 2025 [5]. The advent of lithium-ion technology and the paradigm shift in the energy and power density capabilities that it represents, are perceived as the enabling technology for an extremely broad range of energy storage applications. Accordingly, LIBs are increasingly recognised as essential and integral to enable the large-scale temporary storage of electrical energy from renewable energy sources.

This article reports the effects of different dosages of silane coupling agent (KH-550) on the properties of geopolymer that have been cured for 360 days. The mineral phase formation and microstructure changes of geopolymer were analyzed combined with mechanical properties, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and 29Si NMR. The results show that adding an appropriate amount of silane coupling agent can improve the toughness of geopolymer, and the best performance is obtained when the silane coupling agent content is 0.1 wt%. The highest compressive strength and flexural strength of geopolymer samples containing 0.1 wt% silane coupling agent cured for 90 days reached 51.4 MPa and 12.93 MPa, respectively. The gel phase in the geopolymer is significantly enriched after adding silane coupling agent. Combined with 29Si NMR analysis, it can be seen that the doping of silane coupling agent promotes the polymerization reaction, and gradually develops towards low-aluminum bonded silica and Q4(0Al) structure. The decrease in Q4(0Al) structure of the geopolymer samples cured for 360 days indicates the weakening of the geopolymerization reaction and also explains the decrease in strength after long-term curing.

Introduction

Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials, traditionally produced by using ordinary portland cement (OPC) as major binder. However, the environmental problems caused by the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) during the production of cement have attracted more and more attention [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]]. The production of 1 ton of cement is accompanied by the production of 0.6–1 ton of CO2, and it is accompanied by the production of other harmful gases [6,7]. This promotes the use of geopolymer, a new type of green cementitious material, and readily available raw materials such as metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag powder (GGBS) can be used for preparation. In addition, geopolymer can also reduce CO2 emissions by 26–45% without losing economic benefits [8,9]. The excellent properties of geopolymer gradually make it an alternative to OPC [10]. Recently, more researches have shown that the use of alkaline activators can activate cementitious materials, and can directly prepare geopolymer concrete without using OPC [[11], [12], [13]]. The zeolite-like gel (N-A-S-H) with a high degree of polymerization can be produced through the polymerization reaction of the silico-alumina material under alkaline conditions. The basic structure of geopolymer is a three-dimensional network structure with random distribution of [SiO4]4- and [AlO4]5- tetrahedron, and alkali metals distribute between network pores to balance the electric charge [14].

1- Introduction

2- Experimental method

3- Results and discussion

4- Conclusions

References

Abstract

The deuterium permeation behavior of palladium-coated 316L stainless steel and 430 stainless steel was studied by the gas permeability testing device in this study. The results show that the deuterium permeability of the palladium-coated 316L stainless steel tested at 350 °C∼650 °C was very close to the Forcey’s results. This way, the conformity to some other reported results has been verified for the gas permeability testing device. The deuterium permeability for the oxidized 430 stainless steel was compared with that for the palladium-coated 430 stainless steel at temperature range of 350 °C–600 °C. The deuterium permeability for the oxidized 430 stainless steel was reduced by one order of magnitude compared with that for the palladium-coated 430 stainless steel. However, the activation energy of deuterium permeation as gas form for the oxidized 430 stainless steel was almost the same as that for unoxidized 430 stainless steel.

Introduction

Zirconium hydride is used as the reactor moderator in the thermionic space nuclear power and it easily decomposes hydrogen in the operating environment. The released hydrogen penetrates into the core through the relevant structural components, affecting the physical parameters of the reactor [1]. Compared with 316L austenitic stainless steel, 430 ferritic stainless steel has the advantages of good thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient and low sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking. It is selected as one of the alternative reactor core materials for structural components of the thermionic space nuclear power. Therefore, investigating the hydrogen permeation behavior of 430 ferritic stainless steel has important engineering application value for the development of thermionic space nuclear power. A lot of research has been carried out on the preparation and properties evaluation of hydrogen isotope permeation barrier coatings for the fusion reactor. However, 316L stainless steel or low-activity ferritic/martensitic steel was used as the substrate material in most of these studies [2–15]. There are few reports on the hydrogen isotope permeation behavior of 430 ferritic stainless steel. In the present study, the deuterium permeability of palladium-plated 316L stainless steel was first tested and compared with the reported values to verify the conformity to other reported results for the gas permeability testing device. Then the deuterium permeation behavior of the palladium-plated 430 stainless steel as well as that with natural oxide film was investigated.

1- Introduction

2- Modeling of FG-CNTRC laminated cylindrical shells with NPR

3- Solution procedure

4- Numerical results and discussion

5- Concluding remarks

References

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation on the nonlinear flexural vibrations of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) laminated cylindrical shells with negative Poisson’s ratios in thermal environments. The material properties of the CNTRCs are temperature-dependent and the functionally graded (FG) in a piece-wise pattern in the thickness direction of the shell. An extended Voigt (rule of mixture) model is employed to estimate the CNTRC material properties. The motion equations for the nonlinear flexural vibration of FG-CNTRC laminated cylindrical shells are based on the Reddy’s third order shear deformation theory and the von Kármán-type kinematic nonlinearity, and the effects of thermal environmental conditions are included. The nonlinear vibration solutions for the FG-CNTRC laminated cylindrical shells can be obtained by applying a singular perturbation technique along with a two-step perturbation approach. The effects of material property gradient, the temperature variation, shell geometric parameter, stacking sequence as well as the end conditions on the vibration characteristics of CNTRC laminated cylindrical shells are discussed in detail through a parametric study. The results show that negative Poisson’s ratio has a significant effect on the linear and nonlinear vibration characteristics of CNTRC laminated cylindrical shells.

Introduction

Composite laminated shell structures are widely used in structural applications owing to their specific higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, improved chemical and environmental resistance and the ability to tailor properties. These shell structures may be exposed to combined action of loading and various environmental conditions during their service life. This may lead to large amplitude vibration of the shells where the shell deflection may be in the order of the shell thickness. In this regard, the nonlinear vibration of composite laminated shells in thermal environments is an important consideration in engineering analysis and design. Many studies have been carried out on the nonlinear vibration behavior of composite laminated shells [1–6]. As pointed out by Shen [6], unlike in the cases of composite laminated plates, there are unresolved discrepancies between the vibration results obtained by different authors for composite laminated cylindrical shells, in particular for the cases of angle-ply laminated cylindrical shells. With growing interest in the development and manufacturing of high-performance and lightweight composite shells, auxetic composite materials and structures appear to be potential candidates. A consequence of material possessing a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) is that many of its mechanical properties are predicted to be enhanced by classical elasticity theory. The auxetic materials have a wide variety of multifunctional applications, for example, in energy storage, biomedical, acoustics, photonics, and thermal management [7]. There are two ways to construct auxetic structures. One way is to use auxetic metamaterial as sandwich core [8]. Another way is to change the stacking sequence and orientation of the laminates to obtain auxetic laminated shells. The production of larger values of negative Poisson’s ratio requires both a particular stacking sequence and the individual ply material being highly anisotropic [9].