مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد دامپینگ، مدیریت زباله و امنیت محیط زیست (الزویر)

Illegal dumping (also called fly dumping or fly tipping) refers to waste dumping on sites with no license instead of using an authorized rubbish dump and being disposed of properly at a landfill site. The underlying soil quality and watercourse are under high risk of being damaged if solid wastes are dumped inappropriately. Further, if the waste disposal is uncontrolled, it will damage the environment, particularly when it consists of used drugs, asbestos sheeting, and drums of toxic material or syringes (Ino, 2011). Centralized collection and disposal is an important waste management strategy for waste taking the form of solids or liquids. It is used to manage waste of household, public sewage, hazardous waste of industries and business (Hamilton et al., 2013). England is declared as the “dustbin of Europe”, it will run out of landfill sites in 2018. Every year, 57 million tons of rubbish, including industrial waste, are being disposed in landfill sites (Grice, 2010). The cost of collecting and dealing with commercial, industrial and municipal waste in UK reaches to 47 million pounds a year. Based on the factor endowment theory (Sokoloff and Engerman, 2000), England is a small country with scarce land resources, the price of waste landfill can be costly. As a matter of fact, the cost of landfill gate fee has been increasing rapidly since 2005. The cost of landfill consists of two parts, landfill tax and landfill gate fee. Landfill tax is included in the council tax bill of the household trash. The business waste must enter the licensed landfill with a “gate fee” through a registered waste carrier. In England every waste carrier is obliged to pay for the fee of waste disposal.