Abstrac

۱٫ Introduction

۲٫ Related Work

۳٫ Design and Development of Blockchain-Based IoV

۴٫ Experiment Setup and Results

۵٫ Conclusions

References

Abstract

     The rapid advancement in the area of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has provided numerous comforts to users due to its capability to support vehicles with wireless data communication. The exchange of information among vehicle nodes is critical due to the rapid and changing topologies, high mobility of nodes, and unpredictable network conditions. Finding a single trusted entity to store and distribute messages among vehicle nodes is also a challenging task. IoV is exposed to various security and privacy threats such as hijacking and unauthorized location tracking of smart vehicles. Traceability is an increasingly important aspect of vehicular communication to detect and penalize malicious nodes. Moreover, achieving both privacy and traceability can also be a challenging task. To address these challenges, this paper presents a blockchain-based efficient, secure, and anonymous conditional privacy-preserving and authentication mechanism for IoV networks. This solution is based on blockchain to allow vehicle nodes with mechanisms to become anonymous and take control of their data during the data communication and voting process. The proposed secure scheme provides conditional privacy to the users and the vehicles. To ensure anonymity, traceability, and unlinkability of data sharing among vehicles, we utilize Hyperledger Fabric to establish the blockchain. The proposed scheme fulfills the requirement to analyze different algorithms and schemes which are adopted for blockchain technology for a decentralized, secure, efficient, private, and traceable system. The proposed scheme examines and evaluates different consensus algorithms used in the blockchain and anonymization techniques to preserve privacy. This study also proposes a reputation-based voting system for Hyperledger Fabric to ensure a secure and reliable leader selection process in its consensus algorithm. The proposed scheme is evaluated with the existing state-of-the-art schemes and achieves better results.

Introduction

     Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks are able to improve driving safety, efficiency, and traffic management using On-Board Units (OBUs) for data communication, with or without prior infrastructure. As a result of the increase in the number of users and the open nature of these networks, security threats are a challenge. Security requirements such as authentication, the privacy of vehicle nodes, and audibility are necessary to avoid these networks from different types of attacks, such as impersonation attacks, and spreading of false information. Authentication of nodes in a network is the first line of defense to block any unwanted activity in a network [1,2]. If the network allows unauthenticated vehicle nodes, then malicious vehicle nodes can also join the network and undertake different types of activities, e.g., impersonate an ambulance to exceed the given speed limits. If integrity is not provided during message transmission, then vehicle nodes can misbehave and alter the content of a message. In such a case, the receiver only knows that the message was sent by a legitimate vehicle, and they would be responsible for any damage. Privacy is a core feature of IoV, but traceability is also necessary in the case of any unwanted activity in a network. In this case, the privacy of the vehicle should be revoked and punished

Conclusions

     In this paper, we introduced a hard security solution, i.e., the improved Hyperledger Fabric, to implement a blockchain-enabled IoV for safe vehicle information sharing. This paper comprehensively highlighted the issues related to IoV. The literature review concluded that most of the security services can be achieved by the implementation of blockchain. Hyperledger Fabric is one of the major implementations of blockchain for achieving security services. This paper provides a brief introduction to IoV, Hyperledger Fabric, consensus algorithms, privacy, and anonymization techniques, in conjunction with the additional terminology necessary to understand the problem statement and proposed scheme. Then a critical analysis is undertaken of existing consensus algorithms and conditional privacy schemes in the context of the IoV environment. The paper also discusses the non-applicability of existing schemes to the IoV environment. Thus, there is a requirement for an efficient decentralized scheme for IoV that can address security issues and fulfill the latest security requirements of vehicular communication. Hyperledger Fabric appears to be the most suitable emerging solution for a resource-constrained environment, and addresses some of the functionality issues of IoV. The security analysis indicates the proposed scheme will address some of the limitations of existing schemes and fulfill the security criteria of CPPA schemes for IoV. The two main contributions of this research relate to the manner in which it addresses the issue of the leader selection process. The first is to select leaders based on their reputation. A reputation-based scheme is utilized to calculate the accurate reputation of RSUs. Second, this paper presents an anonymous and traceable CPPA approach that can be utilized in a vehicular network.