مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد برآورد دمای سلول ماژول فتوولتائیک – الزویر 2023

Abstract

     Energy efficiency is one of the most important issues of today. The limited reserves of fossil fuels make the use of renewable energy sources more attractive. Photovoltaic panels are one of the ways to utilize solar energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources.

     The instantaneous efficiency of photovoltaic panels is related to the cell temperature of the panels. In the current studies in the literature, there are empirical expressions that give the photovoltaic panel cell temperature, but the results obtained from these expressions do not overlap with each other. In order to obtain the instantaneous efficiencies of photovoltaic panels and, accordingly, the production values theoretically, there is a need for a global expression that gives the photovoltaic panel cell temperature. In this study, a global expression was developed that gives the photovoltaic panel cell temperature depending on the ambient temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. In addition, using the meteorological data of Kütahya for many years, expressions giving ambient temperature, solar radiation and wind speed were created.

Introduction

     The limited reserves of fossil fuels make renewable energy sources more attractive day by day. While the world primary energy consumption was 581.51 exajoules in 2019, this value was 557.1 exajoules in 2020 (BP, 2021). The amount of renewable energy sources in primary energy consumption in 2019 was 28.82 exajoules (5 %), and in 2020, primary energy consumption from renewable energy sources was 31.71 exajoules (5.7 %) (BP, 2021). From renewable energy sources, 2,789.2 TWh of electricity was produced in 2019 and 3,147.0 TWh in 2020 in the world. While total solar energy production was 707.9 TWh (25.4 %) in 2019, total solar energy production was 855.7 TWh (27.2 %) in 2020 (BP, 2021).

     Table 1 and Table 2 show the solar energy installed power and solar energy production values for 10 years between 2011 and 2020 (BP, 2021). When the tables are examined; It is seen that the installed PV power in the world has increased by 882 % in 10 years. Likewise, electrical energy production from PV systems has increased by 1,212 % over the 10-year period.

     Fig. 1 shows Turkey’s solar energy situation. While the total installed power was 7 MW as of the end of 2011, this value increased by 95,143 % and reached 6,667 MW at the end of 2020. Likewise, while electricity generation from solar energy was 2.86 GWh in 2011, this value increased by 378,732 % in 10 years and reached 10,834.6 GWh (BP, 2021).

Evaluations and suggestions

     In the current studies in the literature, there are empirical expressions that give the photovoltaic panel cell temperature, but the results obtained from these expressions do not overlap with each other. In order to obtain the instantaneous efficiencies of photovoltaic panels and, accordingly, the production values theoretically, there is a need for a global expression that gives the photovoltaic panel cell temperature.

     The instantaneous efficiency of the photovoltaic panel and the generation of electrical energy depending on the efficiency are related to the cell temperature of the photovoltaic panel. Within the scope of this study, a global expression that gives the photovoltaic panel cell temperature was created by using real photovoltaic plant data with the 7 most popular expressions in the literature that give the photovoltaic panel cell temperature. With the obtained expression, instantaneous photovoltaic panel temperature can be obtained depending on the ambient temperature, solar radiation and wind speed.