مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد بهبود کارایی پس از تمرکززدایی در صنعت آب (الزویر)

Access to potable water and sanitation is recognized by the United Nations as an essential right for the full enjoyment of life. Each person needs around twenty to 50 L a day free of harmful contaminants, whilst wastewater collection services contribute to improving the health of a population, often preventing the spread of disease. Companies that supply water services have to provide for all the population for which it is responsible and, furthermore, must guarantee that the supply of potable water is undertaken in accordance with the guidelines for quality required by the relevant agencies. Likewise, it is essential that effluent is collected and treated before being discharged into rivers, lakes, seas etc. As is the case in many developing countries, in Latin America a large percentage of the population has no access to drinking water supply and wastewater collection; this problematic is even worse in rural areas. This creates significant health, social, economic and environmental problems that many agencies (United Nations, World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Organization of American States) have tried to mitigate through studies, counseling and investments to improve these services. In the 70s the potable water supply service in Venezuela was characterized by low quality of water delivered, by a level of coverage about 76%, and a much lower coverage for sewerage.