Game theory is the field of mathematics devoted to solving conflicts of interest between two or more players. It solves problems where your best action (strategy) depends upon the strategies of others. In nature, game theory is particularly suited for understanding adaptations emerging from evolution by natural selection [1
]. “The deer flees and the wolf pursues” [۲] succinctly describes games between predators and prey. The evolution of pesticide resistance represents a special and economically crucial case of predator–prey games. Here, we illustrate how classical game theory and evolutionary game theory can be conjoined to produce bioeconomic games of pesticide resistance. Game theory and pest management thus become part of integrated pest management [3,4].