مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تاثیر سیگار کشیدن بر باروری و سن یائسگی

مقاله سال ۲۰۱۶

Background and aims: Studies in patients seeking medically assisted reproduction have shown that smoking reduces fertility, but little information is available in the general population. We assessed the associations between smoking and the number of children, childbearing planning and age at menopause in a representative sample of the population of Lausanne, Switzerland.

Number of children and contraception

The number of children and age of the participant at the first birth of her/his offspring was assessed as reported by the participants. Contraception was defined as a positive answer to the question ‘ Do you currently take contraceptives ’. Other information such as ever taken contraceptives (yes/no), age at start and end of contraceptive use, and duration of contraceptive use (in years) was also collected. When the participant reported currently using contraceptives, duration of use was calculated using the actual age of the participant. When the duration of contraceptive use was <1-year, the value of 0.5 was used.