مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد توصیف بازار برزیل اعتبارات لجستیک معکوس (RLC) با بازار اعتبار کربن موجود (الزویر)

Solid waste management policy in Brazil is regulated by each of its 26 states and the Federal District, and more recently, at a federal level, with the Law no. 12,305 and the Decree no. 7404, both from 2010. These recent regulatory documents govern the Brazilian Policy of Solid Waste (BPSW). While European countries and some Brazilian states have adopted the principle of the extended producer responsibility (EPR) (Wagner, 2013), in Brazil the BPSW considers the innovative principle of shared responsibility (also called Product Stewardship – PS), for the product life cycle, from which society, business and government share responsibility related to residues management. According to Article no. 33 of that law, traders, distributors, importers and producers of pesticides, batteries, tires, lubricants, fluorescent lamps and, electronic products and their components are required to implement reverse logistics systems to treat waste belonging to these categories (Brasil, 2010a,b). Therefore, the implementation of the reverse logistics of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and its components has been a major concern for the government and the private sector (Guarnieri, 2013). WEEE andits components,due to its risk andtoxicity, require the correct equation of its parts, making the reverse logistics of these products subject of recent decrees and laws worldwide (Oliveira et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2012). This way, with the approval of BPSW,Brazilfollowedthe trendset by the UnitedStates, Europe and Japan (Appelbaum, 2002a,b). What was once only concern of some environmental friendly organizations becomes mandatory for all producers, distributors and consumers of such products. Moreover, a company’s current consumption increases, due to the large volumes of equipment purchased and rapid planned obsolescence, discarding significant amounts of products every day.