مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد سلامت روان و طراحی شهری – اسپرینگر 2017

The Psychologist Abraham Maslow (1966) said in his book The Psychology of Science: BI suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail^ (Maslow 1966). This famous concept is known as Maslow’s law of the instrument, and while it represents an over-reliance on a familiar tool, it also draws attention to the importance of trying new approaches to develop our conventional methods or even to try new methods that have not been used before; a practice that would require an understanding of both the conventional tools and the new tools that will replace or improve them (Kaplan 1973). In our case, it means understanding the interrelationship of both mental health and urban design, two domains that were presumed to have a weak, or almost no, relationship about one hundred years ago (Drummond 2013). Mental health is defined as Ba state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community^ (Mental health: A state of well-being 2014). Urban design, on the other hand, has been defined in variety of ways according to the different opinions of the writers and practitioners of this discipline. Generally speaking, it is the design of towns and cities, streets and spaces (Bahrainy and Bakhtiar 2016); however, it can be defined as Ban inter-disciplinary subject that utilizes elements of many built environment professions, such as landscape architecture, urban planning, architecture, and civil engineering^ (Van Assche et al. 2013). It is unfortunate that the separation between mental health and urban design has been so longstanding (Drummond 2013) considering the high degree of interconnectivity between both fields. There is now a growing interest in how mental health promotion requires amenable environments to support wellbeing and to allow people to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles (Mental health: strengthening our response 2016; Golembiewski 2016). This goes in line with the goal of urban design that is making urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable (Boeing et al. 2014). In other words, the more we understand the links between these disciplines the better we address and cope with today’s major health concerns, which becomes crucial in cases when mental disorders become widely spread such as in post-war societies, when Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in addition to other major mental disorders can be found in high rates (Junne 2010). This review discusses the connections between the two major disciplines – mental health and urban design, with a particular focus on PTSD relationship with urban design.