مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد رمزنگاری و استگانوگرافی شبح نوری – الزویر 2020

1- Introduction

2- Model and principle

3- Results and discussion

4- Conclusions

References

Abstract

As an indirect imaging technique, computational ghost imaging (GI) obtains the object information by calculating the intensity correlation between a series of computer-generated matrices and the corresponding bucket signals, which thereby offers a potential application in optical encryption. Here, we propose a new steganography scheme, called ghost steganography, based on the principle of computational GI. In our ghost steganography scheme, the bucket intensity signals of a secret image are concealed into the ones of a non-secret image by applying a non-conspicuous number integration process. To further increase the security, we introduce RSA cryptography to encode the integrated bucket signals after the steganography process. Simulation and experiment results fully demonstrate the feasibility of our optical ghost cryptography and steganography scheme. Our work paves a way to the application of GI in steganography and also enriches the knowledge of symmetric and asymmetric optical cryptography.

Introduction

Ghost imaging (GI), also known as correlated imaging, is an indirect imaging modality which obtains the object information from the intensity fluctuation correlation of two beams. One beam, called object beam, going through the object, is measured by a bucket detector. The other beam, called reference beam, interacting without the object, is detected by a spatially resolved camera. GI was firstly achieved with entangled photon pairs experimentally in 1995 [1], and later extended into the classical region with various thermal light sources [2–11]. Different from the two-detector GI, Shapiro proposed the computational GI in 2008 [12], which generated the active illumination patterns by using the spatial light modulator instead of passive measurements of reference beam. Similar to the single-pixel camera technique [13], computational GI can recover the object image with only a single-pixel detector [14,15], which largely simplifies the experimental setup. Meanwhile, the correlation between the computer-generated random matrix and the object beam intensity of computational GI offered a potential application in optical encryption [16-30]. To increase the efficiency and security of optical encryption based on GI [16], different methods are proposed and developed, including gray-scale and color encryption [17], multiple-image encryptions [18,26,29], specific phase masks schemes [22,25,27,30], XOR operation scheme [24].