مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد طراحی لرزه ای قاب های خرپای لرزان با دامپر اصطکاک – الزویر 2017

The staggered-truss frames (STF) consist of a series of story-high trusses spanning the total width between exterior columns on the opposite sides of the building and arranged in a staggered pattern on adjacent column lines. The STF has the advantage that large clear span and open areas are possible because columns are located only on the exterior faces of the building. As story-high staggered trusses function as floor beams as well as partition walls, story height can be minimized and significant advantage in economy can be achieved. It is also reported that the structural costs per unit building area is relatively low in staggered-truss framed structures [1]. Staggered truss systems have been successfully applied to many large-scale building projects and their efficiency and economy are reported [2]. Kim et al. [3] conducted nonlinear static analyses of staggered truss system buildings and identified failure modes under seismic loads. Zhou et al. [4] conducted a series of experimental and numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of staggered truss systems, and investigated the influence of the typical design parameters. Chen and Zhang [5] and Chen et al. [6] carried out experimental research to study the failure mode and joint capacity of a steel staggered truss system model exposed to pool fire. Kim et al. [7] proposed various seismic retrofit schemes for STF without and with vierendeel panels, and showed their validity through fragility analysis. Recently similar design concept utilizing vertically staggered wall panels was applied to design of reinforced concrete structures [8]. The staggered truss frames, however, have not been considered as one of the basic seismic-force-resisting systems in design codes, which implies that further research is still necessary for the system to be accepted as a standard structure system for seismic load. It is specified in the FEMA-450 [9] that a seismic-force-resisting systems that are not listed as the basic seismic-force-resisting systems can be permitted if analytical and test data are submitted to demonstrate the lateral force resistance and energy dissipation capacity. To facilitate the application of the STF, AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) published the Design Guide 14: Staggered Truss Framing Systems [10], in which some recommendations and examples for structural design are provided. These days various energy dissipation devices are widely used in order to improve the seismic behavior of structures. Morgen and Kurama [11] carried out a seismic response evaluation tests of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete moment frames with friction dampers at selected beam ends. Chung et al. [12] proposed a friction damper that is applied between coupled shear walls in order to reduce the deformation of the structure induced by earthquake loads. Mualla et al. [13] developed a rotational friction damper which can produce maximum friction force as high as 5000 kN, which was later applied to the Abeno Harukas Building in Japan [14,15]. Dai et al. [16] developed electromagnetic friction dampers for seismic energy dissipation of building structures.