مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد مقدمه ای کوتاه بر حقوق مالکیت معنوی (الزویر)

Intellectual property (IP) is a term that describes a number of distinct types of intangible assets. Without a clear understanding of the different types of IP protection, it is easy to confuse them. Further, patents are often written in abstruse language, embedded with both complex scientific material and sophisticated terms with specific legal meaning. An entrepreneurial minded researcher can make costly mistakes when trying to obtain valuable patent protection. These mistakes not only result in the loss of IP rights, but also the loss of potential investors and business partners. Fortunately, there is help. Most universities, non-profit research institutions and innovative companies have created IP departments to evaluate and protect new technologies. In academic and non-profit research organizations, these departments also license the technologies to companies and are commonly referred to as technology transfer offices (TTOs).