مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد روش گروهی مدل رسیدگی به اطلاعات چوب درخت بلوط – الزویر 2018

Groundwater and surface water has been exploited due to several noxious impurities and  among all chemical dyes is one of the most detrimental impurity that possess serious  environmental side effect on human being and marine life (Garg et al., 2003;Tanzifi et al., 2018; Yao et al., 2018 Gupta et al., 2011b; Gupta et al., 2013a). Synthetic dyes and pigments are widely utilized as colorants in different industrial processes including the pharmaceutical, textile,  leather, paper, gasoline, food industries etc. and a huge amount of unused synthetic dyes is being 8 released in water streams by various industries worldwide annually. Dyes being colored in nature  is visible even at very low concentration and it resistive nature also decreases the sunlight penetration in water. Therefore, their release into the environment presents a major source of contamination (Gupta et al., 2013b; Gupta et al., 2014; Tian et al., 2018). Dyes molecules are normally produced from the aromatic structure and their degradation products are toxic or even carcinogenic and mutagenic. In addition to this, it lead to increased biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of aquatic resources (Crini, 2006; Nekouei et al., 2017). Thus, it is the need of today to eliminate the toxic dyes from effluents of industries, before it is released into the environment. Several technologies for instance flocculation–coagulation (Szygula et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2012), photodegradation (Gupta et al., 2011c; Smirnova et al., 2015; Tadjarodi et al., 2013), biodegradation (Li et al., 2004), membrane separation(Bouazizi et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2017; 20 Ruan et al., 2016; Saravan et al., 2013; 2015; Tahri et al., 2016), aerobic or anaerobic treatment (Fernando et al., 2013), electrochemical (Aquino et al., 2010; Riera-Torres and Gutiérrez, 2010), and oxidizing agents (Ghoneim et al., 2011) have been used worldwide for the removal of noxious dyes from wastewater. In spite of the growth of different techniques for treatment of dyeeffluent, but still there are some specific challenges, for example effective, rapid and economic 2 for treatment of water and wastewater at a commercial level are going on. Among these methods  for water treatments, the adsorption technique by solid adsorbents is one of the most efficient  approaches for the uptake of dyes from industrial wastewater (Gupta et al., 2011a). The key  advantage of this technology is that it is scalable and large volume of effluents can be passed in a single run, which lead to high quality of treated wastewaters without the formation of harmful materials (Gupta et al., 2010b).