مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تحقیق در مورد انرژی باد در مکزیک – الزویر 2018

The increase of the demand and consumption of energy resulting from technological progress and from advancement in human development are seen as the most important factors in the acceleration of climate and environmental changes observed and described by the scientific community [1]. Energy is fundamental because is one of the most important component of economic infrastructure, its secure and supply is vital to human development [2]. Total world consumption of marketed energy expands from 549 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2012 to 629 quadrillion Btu in 2020 and to 815 quadrillion Btu in 2040—a 48% increase from 2012 to 2040 [3]. Using Renewable Energy Systems (RES) has been prioritize for governments due to increasing environmental issues, imports, security of supply of fossil fuels, as a result of this RES has growing faster and its development on renewable energy installed capacity [4]. Wind is one of the most sustainable renewable energies worldwide [5]; 2.6% of the electricity is generated by wind. This type of energy produces the best ratio of investment cost to productivity [6]. Wind power capacity represents the highest share, growing from 48 GW in 2004 to 370 GW in renewable energy capacity [7]. In Mexico most of its power is from fossil fuels as oil and coal, the contribution to power output generation from RES is scarceness, only 20 % is from RES, Geothermal, Wind, Hydro and Solar PV with 6.4%, 5.1%, 88.4% and 0.04% respectively [8]. Wind energy increased its production from 13.27 PJ in 2012 to 31.48 PJ in 2015, that represents an increased around 230% but only represents the 0.04% of the energy mix [9]. Until 2008, the energy administration was in charge of Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) Federal Commission of Electricity, owned by the government, who is responsible for the generation, control, distribution and transmission of electricity. In the same year, the 65government reformed the energy law and opened the participation of nationals and foreign investors in the tasks that CFE does. In 2015 the Ministry of Energy established the goal of a minimum share of clean energy in power generation which will be increasing from 25% by 2018, 30% by 2021 to 35% by 2024 [10]. The beginnings of wind research in Mexico were in the decade of 1980, the government created the Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas (IIE) Electrical Research Institute, now called Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias (INEEL) National Institute of Electricity and Clean Energies focused on electricity and non-conventional energies, its research included wind, solar, hydro and geothermal [11].