مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد بررسی رابطه بین نوآوری تکنولوژی و شهرنشینی جدید – الزویر 2018

In the past three decades, China has experienced vigorous urbanization. However, the economy-centered urbanization caused social issues and is being replaced by the new-type people-centered urbanization. Technology innovation plays a key role in urbanization. Previous studies examine the relationship between technology innovation and the traditional economy-centered urbanization. But the relationship between technology innovation and the new-type people-centered urbanization remains unknown. As such, this paper develops a comprehensive evaluation index system for technology innovation and the new-type urbanization based on the data from Shaanxi province between 2000 and 2014. A variation coefficient method is applied to determine the weight of each index. Then a model is proposed and tested. At the end, conclusions are reached based on the results of the tests on the model. Recommendations for dealing with technology innovation and the new-type urbanization are provided.

Introduction

Urbanization is an integral element of rapid income growth and industrialization throughout the world (Fan, 2017; Feng and Xu, 1992, Feng, 1993, Feng and Xu, 2000; Henderson et al., 2009). According to United Nations (2010), 70% of the world’s population will live in cities in 2030. Technology innovation plays an important role in the process of urbanization. For example, urbanization in the U.K. began at the time when the first technological revolution occurred. During the second and the third technological revolutions, urbanization processed quickly in the U.S. The continuous introduction of foreign technologies and continuous innovation from 1950s to 1970s changed Japan into a science, technology and economic power. The urbanization rate in Japan rose quickly from 33% to 70% in this period. In recent years, industry development has been driven by advanced ICT including IoT (Internet of Things) (Gürdür and Asplund, 2018; Kim, 2017; Li et al., 2015, Li et al., 2018; Oliverio, 2018; Wang et al., 2016; Viriyasitavat and Martin, 2017). Because manufacturing and service production are more efficient when undertaken in urbanized areas, urbanization is critical to the success of modernization (Henderson et al., 2009). Urbanization changes population distribution, production mode, life style, and ecological environment. China’s urbanization has been a notable global event (Li, 2013, 2017; Li and Zhou, 2013). In the past three decades, market reform and globalization drove dramatic growth and structural changes in the Chinese economy, society, and spatial organization (Lin and Yi, 2011). As economy grows, China is experiencing a massive rural-urban migration and expansion of cities and towns (Fan, 2008; Henderson et al., 2009; Hsing, 2010; Lin, 2009; McGee et al., 2007). In 2013, China’s urbanization rate rose to 53.7%, with an urban resident population of 770 million (Wang et al., 2015). However, compared with developed countries which have an average urbanization rate of 80%, the urbanization rate in China is still low. Rapid urbanization has put significant stress on city infrastructure because it may lead to a reduced per-capita access to subsistence resources in urban areas (Homer-Dixon, 1999; Homer-Dixon and Blitt, 1998). According to Buhaug and Urdal (2013), rapid urbanization can seriously constrain local governments’ ability to provide basic public services, including employment, education, housing, electricity, water, sanitation, healthcare, enforcement of law and order. In order to reduce costs, improve efficiencies, and deliver the quality of life, cities rely more on information and communications technology and new working practices (Naphade et al., 2011). As Nam and Pardo (2011a) point out, the smart city approach is emerging as a way to solve tangled and wicked problems inherited in the rapid urbanization (Nam & Pardo, 2011).