مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد برآورد هزینه مبتنی بر عملکرد – الزویر 2019

23-1- Operating Cost Categories

23-2- Labor

23-3- Logistics and Transportation

23-3-1- Marine Vessels

23-3-2- Helicopters

23-4- Materials and Supplies

23-4-1- Chemicals for Water Treatment

23-4-2- Chemicals for Corrosion

23-4-3- Chemicals for Flow Assurance

23-4-4- Fuel, Water and Utilities

23-5- Repairs and Maintenance—Wells and Flowline

23-5-1- Maintenance

23-5-2- Stimulation

23-5-3- Well Failure

23-5-4- Flowline and Export Repairs

23-6- Repairs and Maintenance—Equipment and Structure

23-6-1- Regulatory Requirements

23-6-2- Inspection Schedules

23-6-3- Three Zones

23-6-4- Painting

23-6-5- Underwater Maintenance

References

ABSTRACT

Activity-based cost models apply work decomposition methods and knowledge of engineering and market conditions to estimate cost. The tasks required to be performed are identified, and the time and duration to perform each task are estimated. Activity-based costing is the most detailed and transparent method that can be applied in operating cost estimation and require a higher level of expertise to successfully apply. In this final chapter, work decompositionmethods are described to illustrate how the operating cost components of labor, logistics and transportation, materials and supplies, and repairs and maintenance are estimated. Examples are provided to develop analytic skills and intuition regarding the relative importance of cost components. Regional diving, helicopter, and marine vessel contracts and service markets are reviewed as part of this discussion.

23-1- OPERATING COST CATEGORIES

The primary cost categories for offshore oil and gas operations include the following:
• Salaries of operating personnel
• Transportation of products and people
• Materials and supply services
• Repair and maintenance of wells and flow lines
• Repair, maintenance, and inspection of equipment and structure
Cost may be incurred hourly, daily, monthly, or annually; be volume- or capacity-based; or be per person (Table 23.1). In activity-based costing, the tasks required to be performed are identified, and the time and duration to perform each task are estimated. If only a small number of facilities are evaluated, a detailed approach is feasible, but for more than a few structures, the resources required to complete an activity-based cost study are significant (Kaiser, 2019).