۲۳-۱- Operating Cost Categories

۲۳-۲- Labor

۲۳-۳- Logistics and Transportation

۲۳-۳-۱- Marine Vessels

۲۳-۳-۲- Helicopters

۲۳-۴- Materials and Supplies

۲۳-۴-۱- Chemicals for Water Treatment

۲۳-۴-۲- Chemicals for Corrosion

۲۳-۴-۳- Chemicals for Flow Assurance

۲۳-۴-۴- Fuel, Water and Utilities

۲۳-۵- Repairs and Maintenance—Wells and Flowline

۲۳-۵-۱- Maintenance

۲۳-۵-۲- Stimulation

۲۳-۵-۳- Well Failure

۲۳-۵-۴- Flowline and Export Repairs

۲۳-۶- Repairs and Maintenance—Equipment and Structure

۲۳-۶-۱- Regulatory Requirements

۲۳-۶-۲- Inspection Schedules

۲۳-۶-۳- Three Zones

۲۳-۶-۴- Painting

۲۳-۶-۵- Underwater Maintenance

References

ABSTRACT

Activity-based cost models apply work decomposition methods and knowledge of engineering and market conditions to estimate cost. The tasks required to be performed are identified, and the time and duration to perform each task are estimated. Activity-based costing is the most detailed and transparent method that can be applied in operating cost estimation and require a higher level of expertise to successfully apply. In this final chapter, work decompositionmethods are described to illustrate how the operating cost components of labor, logistics and transportation, materials and supplies, and repairs and maintenance are estimated. Examples are provided to develop analytic skills and intuition regarding the relative importance of cost components. Regional diving, helicopter, and marine vessel contracts and service markets are reviewed as part of this discussion.

۲۳-۱- OPERATING COST CATEGORIES

The primary cost categories for offshore oil and gas operations include the following:
• Salaries of operating personnel
• Transportation of products and people
• Materials and supply services
• Repair and maintenance of wells and flow lines
• Repair, maintenance, and inspection of equipment and structure
Cost may be incurred hourly, daily, monthly, or annually; be volume- or capacity-based; or be per person (Table 23.1). In activity-based costing, the tasks required to be performed are identified, and the time and duration to perform each task are estimated. If only a small number of facilities are evaluated, a detailed approach is feasible, but for more than a few structures, the resources required to complete an activity-based cost study are significant (Kaiser, 2019).