مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تحلیل مدیریت فناوری در شرکت های تولید از بخش SME – الزویر 2017

The development of manufacturing enterprises depends on their level of competitiveness on world markets. That level is largely conditioned by the access to technology and the ability to introduce innovative solutions. The correct integration of technologies in the enterprise should, therefore, be a source of a sustainable competitive advantage [3, 11]. For this purpose, it is necessary both to understand the nature of technology as well as to determine the mechanisms shaping the process of technology management [5, 7, 13–15]. Technology is a component of general knowledge about the types of techniques, methods of their formation and implementation in practice. It leads to gaining knowledge (often hidden or forbidden) and skills related to solving specific technological problems. In the literature, there are many different definitions of technology relating to both its scientific significance and practical application. Cornwall defines technology as a resource of knowledge relating principally to the production of goods and services [1]. Rosenberg, in turn, talks about the understanding and implementation of previously acquired scientific knowledge about the types of techniques, methods and structures [9]. Dosi combines these two definitions and defines technology as a set of elements of practical and theoretical knowledge, skills of its application (know-how), methods, procedures and physical devices that use this knowledge [2]. The publications of Polish authors are dominated by definition of technology as knowledge about methods of manufacture of a given product. Łunarski, in his work, defines technology as „a directed process of producing the necessary products and services, implemented in a hierarchical production system with identified elements and their relationships, built for the realization of this process on the basis of the available theoretical and practical knowledge” [6]. The process approach to the subject is also presented by Santarek, who claims that technology is „a process consisting of many activities carried out in a strictly defined manner and sequence, resulting in the processing of input goods (raw materials, semi-finished products) into finished products having certain features and meeting customer needs” [10].