مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد انعطاف پذیری اجتماعی-زیست محیطی برای طراحی شهری – تیلور و فرانسیس 2018

The resilience agenda has grown significantly in the past 10 years (Meerow, Newell, and Stults 2016) as globalization and urbanization have given rise to complexities in dealing with a wide range of urban challenges (Hambleton 2011). Whilst it can be asserted that the sustainable development agenda has been successful in embedding itself in urban design thinking (Larco 2016), the extent to which ‘sustainable’ places are resilient and adaptable to future change and uncertainties over time is not clear (Allan and Bryant 2011). The purpose of the paper is twofold: first, to identify the value of urban design for resilience by highlighting areas of common ground between the two concepts, and second, to identify what value, if any, the field of urban design can offer, in order to progress thinking around resilience and advance research in this field. The paper adopts the interdisciplinary understanding of social-ecological resilience and reviews the key concepts of this resilience approach. These concepts are then cross-referenced to literature relating to resilience within an urban context, as well as sustainable urban design literature, and four cross-cutting themes of diversity, social capital, learning and innovation are identified as priorities for mobilizing resilience within the field of urban design. It is posited that the unique socio-spatial tensions existing in urban design can offer insights into how social-ecological resilience research may effectively consider physical change and associated governance processes An initial review of what urban design literature says about how to enable resilience within the built environment concludes that there is no clear message or approach that is shared across the field. In many cases, there is confusion around the various narratives of resilience, with a divergence of opinion as to whether the quality of robustness and/or adaptability should be the predominant force at play. In addition, there are issues of scale that have not been resolved within the academic literature, and understandings of how urban design is conceptualized across different spatial, temporal and institutional scales is critical to applying resilience thinking in an urban context. Insights can be provided by applying a resilience lens to urban design to organize thought around what resilience means in a design context. It is acknowledged that the holistic, political, creative and multi-disciplinary realms within which urban design is rooted, results in it inevitably suffering from a lack of cohesive thinking (Cuthbert 2007). However, given its integrative role within the governance of the built environment of aiding a collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach, could there be a specific and significant role for urban design within a contemporary resilience agenda?