مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد وضعیت ایمنی خون در سازمان جهانی بهداشت آفریقا – هینداوی 2017

Blood safety is a WHO global and regional priority. In May 1975, the World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA28.72, urging Member States to promote the development of coordinated national blood transfusion services based on voluntary and nonremunerated blood donations (VNRBD), enact effective legislation governing the operation of these services, and take other necessary actions to protect and promote the health of blood donors and recipients of blood and blood products [1]. Pursuant to this resolution, the Regional Committee for Africa, in resolution AFR/RC44/R12 of 1994, urged Member States in the African Region to take urgent steps towards formulating blood safety policies, mobilizing resources for blood service infrastructure development in central and district hospitals, and setting goals and targets to achieve HIV-free blood transfusion in health care settings [2]. Furthermore, to improve the availability of safe blood products in all Member States, the Regional Office for Africa adopted a regional strategy for blood safety in September 2001 [3] whose main objectives were to (i) assist countries in setting up an effective system for the recruitment of low-risk donors, (ii) improve the safety of blood and blood products by implementing a quality assurance programme and mapping out effective strategies for the screening of blood for all transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), and (iii) promote the appropriate use of blood and blood products by clinicians. This strategy defined four targets to be met by each country, namely, (i) a blood safety situation analysis carried out in all Member States; (ii) a national blood policy developed and adopted by 75% of the countries in the Region; (iii) mandatory testing of all transfused blood units for the four disease markers: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis; and (iv) ensuring that at least 80% of blood donations in all countries in the Region come from VNRBD. Mauritius is an Indian Ocean island state which lies about 2,000 kilometres off the southeast coast of the African continent and has an estimated resident population of 1,262,862 inhabitants. It has enjoyed a stable political and economic situation since independence in 1968 and has an upper middleincome economy, according to the World Bank in 2011. The country ranks high in terms of economic competitiveness, a friendly investment climate, good governance, and a free economy. Mauritius is performing well on the three health indicators commonly used to compare the health status of countries, namely, life expectancy at birth and the infant mortality and maternal mortality rates per thousand live births. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are emerging and remain a major challenge for Mauritius, accounting for almost 80% of the disease burden with 85% of deaths [4]. The supply of blood in the country is crucial for certain medical cases like surgeries, cancer, anaemia treatments, renal dialysis, transfusions, and accident victims [5].