مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد بوجود آوردن آگاهی در زمینه امنیت سایبری – الزویر 2018

Although most people seem to consider the Internet to be a safe environment and use it on a daily basis using their smart phones, tablets and computers, there are a large number of attacks on a daily basis. Cyberattacks, hacks and security breaches on the Internet are no longer an exception anymore (Arora, Nandkumar, & Telang, 2006). This number is increasing and organizations are incurring higher costs in dealing with these cybersecurity incidents. Although most cyberattacks are harmless, the impact of some is severe. Cybersecurity breaches can range from no or limited impact to Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS), the stealing of data, manipulation of data, identity theft or even taking over control of systems and harm the physical world. With the adoption the Internet of Things (IoT) in daily life, an increasing number of physical objects feature an IP (Internet Protocol) address for internet connectivity and use the Internet for communication (HernándezRamos, Jara, Marın, & Skarmeta, 2013). Information and communication systems and the physical infrastructure have become intertwined, as information technologies are further integrated into devices and networks (Ten, Liu, & Manimaran, 2008). In these cyberphysical systems, the greatest impact occurs when an intruder gains access to the supervisory control access and launches control actions that may cause catastrophic damage (Ten et al., 2008). IoT results in a cyberphysical society in which everyday life is interwoven with electronic devices. As such, our living society is becoming ever more dependent on cyberspace, a place in which cyberattacks and cyberwars are common. This might occur high risks, as hackers could take-over medical equipment, automatic-driving cars and flight control, which might be even life threatening. The need for cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important due to our dependence on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) across all aspects of our cyberphysical society. Cybersecurity is essential for individuals, for public and non-public organizations, but guaranteeing security often proves to be difficult. The websites of many governments have limited security (Zhao, Zhao, & Zhao, 2010) and might be easily hacked. The issue of security is not limited to the executive power, but is also relevant to political parties, energy infrastructure providers, water boards, road management, ministries, administrative organizations, NGOs and even sporting organizations (such as the International Olympics Committee), all of which have already been the target of breaches and the stealing of information. The hack on World AntiDoping Agency (WAPA) released the medical record of Olympic athletes to compromise them, whereas the Stuxnet virus was aimed at harming a nuclear infrastructure. Cybersecurity breaches can thus be said to impact all stakeholders in our society. Interest in cybersecurity issues often focuses on incidents and how to deal with them after the fact, while a concern for prevention and investments in better cybersecurity have lagged behind. This is surprising in a world where there is a continuing battle between hackers and various societal actors attempting to protect the system. Cybersecurity is said to be the new form of war and is viewed as the next platform in modern warfare. Given its importance, why is there so little awareness? and why are we not taking drastic measures to ensure the safety and security of cyberspace?