مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در موردشیوه های مدیریت ریسک بانک های اسلامی و متعارف – اسپرینگر 2018

For many years, consensus existed between academics, practitioners and regulators that effective risk management is pivotal to the success of modern banks, conventional or Islamic (see [1, 19, 30, 39, 48, 54]). This has made developing a comprehensive approach in dealing with different risk exposures in banks a necessity [Akkizidis and Khandelwal 2007, 51]. Such view has been fully endorsed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision which introduced a number of accords (Basel I, Basel II and Basel III) to support risk management in banks worldwide. Bank risk management received further attention after the recent financial crisis as many scholars held the view that the failure of many financial institutions during this crisis was due to inadequate risk management practices in banks [27, 29, 49]. Research also shows that prior to the financial crisis the interdependence between banking risks and bank governance structure was inadequate [2]. Policy documentations by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and Financial Services Authority, for example, outlined the need to set an effective governance structure alongside an inclusive risk management framework [11]. Using structured questionnaire, this study captures all aspects of bank risk management practices including those emerging after the financial crisis, such as governance. This enables us to identify areas that directly contribute to weak risk management practices in the banks surveyed. The research also contributes to our understanding of risk management practices in Islamic banks, which remains under investigated as most academic research focuses on conventional banks (i.e. [18, 47, 52]). Published financial data have shown that Islamic banks were more resilient to the recent financial crisis as demonstrated by the steady growth in their asset size and number of providers [4]. By the end of 2015, the total assets of Islamic banks reached USD2.5 trillion with 375 Islamic financial institutions operating worldwide (World Islamic Banking 2015). In Pakistan, which is the subject of this research investigation, the asset base of Islamic banks is estimated at USD9.6 billion in 2014, which constitute more than 10% of the nation overall banking assets [57, 58]. The study results reveal that risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, credit risk analysis and risk governance are the most contributing factors to the risk management practices of Islamic banks, whereas understanding risk management, credit risk analysis and risk governance are the most significant and contributing variables in conventional banks’ risk management practices. Islamic banks are found to be weak in liquidity risk analysis, risk monitoring and reporting and their overall understanding of the risk management practices. In contrast, risk assessment and analysis is the most inadequate area in conventional banks.