مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد پلت فرم خدمات امور دولتی برای شهر هوشمند – الزویر ۲۰۱۸

THE cities’ growth provides a new dimension in the city management.[1] The e-government can help bridge the gap between the government and the citizens, which can reduce the conflict between both parties.[2] The municipal applications of geographic information system (GIS) across the different countries showcase the potential use of GIS in the e-government agencies such as property management, traffic, and transportation, urban planning, waste management, urban design and renewal, financial resource mobilization, etc.[2] The territory plays a decisive role in the allocation of the financial, technological, and human resources. With this, the optimization of the infrastructure planning and health resources and the combination knowledge is important [3]. The GIS uses can provide the urban services and identify the related solutions.[4] GIS, apart from contributing to data integration from the different data sources, enables data visualization using the maps, which enhances the system usability and assists in the decision-making process [5]. In GIS tool presentation, it involves a new spatial visibility into the transparency of state activities, makes the activities of the public administration transparent to all citizens, and contributes the e-democracy evolution.[7] The web and GIS technologies-based e-government system can promote the dissemination of urban information and enable the citizens to register objections to the land use plan during the different phases of the planning process, along with responding to those objections.[6] Public Participation GIS (PPGIS), which broadly refers to the citizen participation in enhancing the public services and decision-making using the GIS, is a main theme of GIS research [7]. Although e-government scholars are centrally interested in enabling e-democracy, there is a dearth of public administration literature on allowing public participation using GIS technology [8]. The advancements have widened GIS’ accessibility from the domain of the expert users to the lay citizens [9]. Some cases that employ GIS for urban planning have been shown, e.g. Sweden [10], Italy [11], UK [12], Canada [13], USA [14], and so on [15]. The 3D GIS provides a visual presentation and is used as a real 3D tool -for both queries by using a 3D model and visualizing geoinformation in 3D [16].